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"Without Jiminy Cricket on his shoulder,
Pinocchio would never have become
a real boy – he would have always
remained a puppet." - Patrick Fagan
Liar Paradox shows us that popular
belief about truth
and falsity actually lead to a contradiction.
Sentences can be
constructed that cannot consistently be assigned a truth value even though they
are completely in accord with grammar and
semantic rules.
Consider the simplest version of the paradox, the
sentence;
This statement is false.
If we suppose that
the statement is true, everything asserted in it must be true.
However,
because the statement asserts that it is itself false, it must be
false.
So the hypothesis that it is
true leads to the contradiction that it is both true and false.
Yet
we cannot conclude that the sentence is false for that
hypothesis also
leads to
contradiction.
If
the statement is false, then what it
says about itself is not true.
It says that it is false, so that must
not be true. Hence, it is true.
Under either hypothesis, we
end up concluding that the statement is both true and false.
We feel it must be
either true or false.
This points to a
contradiction in the way we abstractly visualize reality.
Since the
Liar Sentence can be shown to be true if it is false and false if it is true it
is neither true or false.
To solve the riddle of the Liar Paradox one
must reject a common myth about truth and falsity - the claim that every
statement has to be either true or false.
This is called the
Principle of Bivalence.
A strengthened version of the Liar
Paradox counters the proposal that the statement is neither true or false.
This statement is not true.
If it is not true or false,
then it is not true, which is what it says; hence it is true which is not what
it says.
The truth is every statement includes an implicit assertion of
its own truth.
For example, the statement "It is true that
two plus two equals four"
contains no more information than the statement "two plus two is four",
because the phrase "it is true that..." is always implicitly there.
Thus the statement;
This statement is false.
is
said to be equivalent to;
This statement is true and this statement
is false.
The latter is a
simple contradiction of the form "A and not A", and hence is false.
There is no paradox because the claim that this statement is
false does not lead to a
contradiction.
This
analysis does not provide a
solution to versions of the Liar Paradox that do not use direct
self-reference, such as the two-sentence version:
The next sentence
is false.
The preceding sentence is
true.
Neither of
these is by itself contradictory, but there is no way to assign
truth
values to them consistently, so we still have a paradox.
A series
of sentences becomes paradoxical or congruent upon
contingent facts.
I've been
one rotten kid
Some son, some pride and some joy
But I'll get over these
lousin' up
Messin' up, screwin' up times
You'll see, ma, now comes
the better part
Someone's gonna make good cross his stupid heart
Make
good and finally make you
Proud of your boy
Tell me that I've been
a louse and loafer
You won't get a fight here, no, ma'am
Say I'm a
goldbrick, a goof-off, no good
But that couldn't be all that I am
Water flows under the bridge, let it pass
Let it go
There's no good
reason that you should believe me, not yet
I know, but
Someday and
soon
I'll make you proud of your boy
Though I can't make myself taller
Or smarter or handsome or wise
I'll do my best, what else can I do?
Since I wasn't born perfect like dad or you
Mom, I will try to try hard
to make you
Proud of your boy
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This website defines a
new perspective with which to engage reality to which its author adheres. The
author feels that the falsification of reality outside personal experience has
forged a populace unable to discern propaganda from reality and that this has
been done purposefully by an international corporate cartel through their
agents who wish to foist a corrupt version of reality on the human race.
Religious intolerance occurs when any group refuses to tolerate religious
practices, religious beliefs or persons due to their religious ideology. This
web site marks the founding of a system of philosophy named The Truth of the
Way of the Lumière Infinie - a rational gnostic mystery religion based
on reason which requires no leap of faith, accepts no tithes, has no supreme
leader, no church buildings and in which each and every individual is
encouraged to develop a personal relation with the Creator and Sustainer
through the pursuit of the knowledge of reality in the hope of curing the
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violence that is already occurring due to the international corporate cartels
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industrial military entertainment complex and is responsible for the collapse
of morals, the elevation of self-centered behavior and the destruction of
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American social mores and values
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deceive the populace in general through corporate media by pressing emotional
buttons which have been preprogrammed into the population through prior
corporate media psychological operations. The results have been the destruction
of the family and the destruction of social structures that do not adhere to
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