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"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that
are carefully done
and that are done by players who do not have conflicts
and
pre-determined agendas are not a problem, quite the opposite.
The problem is that most of them are not carefully done or are
done
with pre-determined agendas on what to find and report."
John Ioannidis |
"In the end I must rely on
the judgment and standing of the few scientific leaders who have, on the one
hand, sufficient independence of thought to weigh my data on its own hideously
convincing merits or in the light of certain primordial and highly baffling
myth cycles; and on the other hand, sufficient influence to deter the exploring
world in general from any rash and over-ambitious program in the region of
those mountains of madness.
It is an unfortunate fact that relatively
obscure men, myself and associates, connected only with a small university,
have little chance of making an impression where matters of a wildly bizarre or
highly controversial nature are concerned." - HP Lovecraft, At the Mountains
of Madness |
pseudoscience
"The case against science
is straightforward: much of the scientific literature, perhaps half, may simply
be untrue.
Afflicted by studies with small sample sizes, tiny effects,
invalid exploratory analyses, and flagrant conflicts of interest, together with
an obsession for pursuing fashionable trends of dubious importance, science has
taken a turn towards darkness." - Richard Horton, Editor in Chief, "The
Lancet" |
Widespread scientific illiteracy has
left
Americans defenseless against pseudoscientific babble.
Politically motivated
pseudoscience demonstrates characteristic patterns:
There is a lack of
experiments.
The
results of experiments are
ignored or
contradicted in the conclusions.
There is either no
peer-review or peer-reviewer concerns are ignored.
The findings
cannot be replicated or falsified due to the
withholding of
data.
False conclusions
are supported by marketing or
media
propaganda.
Hypotheses that
are supported by the evidence are ignored.
"We have dumbed down our educational standards in
math and
science so far that
public policy
is at risk. A population that believes in telepathy,
fat-burning diet pills and a
10,000-year-old planet Earth is unable to evaluate anything objectively."- Paul
S. Dwan
"Corn crops require
nitrogen-based
fertilizers, virtually all of which are derived from synthetic ammonia.
Synthetic ammonia is produced by the reaction of
nitrogen gas and
hydrogen.
Nitrogen gas, which
makes up about 80% of air, is abundant and
renewable, but hydrogen
presents a problem.
The major source
of hydrogen is from natural gas, a nonrenewable fuel.
I have seen
many statements about the energy
yield of corn-derived ethanol outweighing its costs, but it is unclear
whether these estimates include the cost of natural gas needed to produce
fertilizers.
If the
energy cost of fertilizers, harvesting, distillation and transportation match
or exceed the energy produced by burning the ethanol, then claims that
corn-produced ethanol is a
renewable energy source are invalid." - Henry Abrash, professor emeritus of
chemistry at Cal state Northridge
9 rules for
critical thinking:
1. Only independent confirmation through
multiple eyes of the "facts" guarantees accuracy.
2. Complete knowledge
of any object can only be seen from ALL perspectives.
3. Authority may
be biased or have ulterior motives.
4. Examine as many possibilities
as you can think of.
5. Remain emotionally detached from hypothetical
conclusions.
6. Be as specific as posible when stating a
hypothesis.
7. Every link in a
logic chain must be solid.
8. What is the most likely to be true
?
9. Blind spot bias requires us to
present our hypothesis for
examination.
"Something that is overlooked these days is the
influx of large amounts of money, bureaucratic power and influence and prestige
that has flowed into science over the last 75 years has turned large parts of
it into a careerist profession rather than the vocation it supposedly was.
This is important because there are a
number of scientific beliefs maintained in the face of contrary evidence
which is politically repressed and editorially swept under the carpet because
those who have built their careers on those reigning beliefs are
loathe to have them removed from
under their hard won elevated positions and from
the textbooks they have written." -
Anthony Liversidge
THE FOLLOWING LETTER WAS SENT TO
CNN BY FED EX (FOR
DELIVERY, 12/22/08), BY FAX AND BY EMAIL December 19, 2008
Jim Walton,
President
CNN Worldwide
One CNN Center, 6 South Tower Atlanta, GA
30303
Jon Klein, President
CNN/US
One
Time Warner
Center New York, NY 10019
Dear Mr. Walton and Mr. Klein,
We are
writing on behalf of several national and international science journalism
organizations to express our strong concern about CNN's shortsighted decision
to cut its science, technology and environment unit in one fell swoop.
In wielding this
ax, your network has lost an experienced and highly regarded group of
science journalists at a time when science coverage could not be more important
in our national and international discourse.
The environment, energy
technology, space
exploration, and biotech are crucial ongoing stories that will have growing
prominence as a new American president takes office and nations confront a wide
range of science-based global issues.
As the impacts of climate
change intensify, shows like "Planet in Peril" cannot make up for
informed daily
coverage of this important issue and
other science topics in the
public eye.
As with political and policy reporting, it is important
that the underlying science be covered by journalists with the skills and
knowledge to sort out competing claims.
Concerned as we are about the
dismissal of our colleagues-including the award-winning science reporter Miles
O'Brien in New York; Peter Dykstra, head of
CNN's science unit in
Atlanta; and five other science producers there-this letter is not about
individual journalists.
Rather, the wholesale dismantling of the
science unit calls into question CNN's commitment to bringing the most
informative science news to the general public, including the science-minded
younger audience.
If
CNN wants to be
truly international, it will be at odds with the trend toward increased science
coverage in many parts of the world.
It is difficult for us to imagine
why CNN, which has earned a justifiably strong reputation for its science
journalism in the past, has opted to widen the gap in science coverage rather
than strive to fill it.
We would hope that you would reconsider your
decision and reassemble a cadre of well-trained science journalists that would
enable you to expand unfolding science news and in-depth coverage, not shrink
it.
Your action is an unfortunate symbol of recent widespread cutbacks
in specialty science journalism.
Our groups will continue to push for
more science coverage by the major media and to do our part to promote the
highest possible professional standards for communicating complex science-based
issues across the spectrum.
We plan to publicize this letter as widely
as possible to encourage further discussion of
the future of science
journalism.
Thanks for your attention.
Sincerely, Cristine
Russell, President, Council for the Advancement of Science Writing (CASW)
russellcris@nasw.org
Mariette DiChristina,
President, National Association of the Science Writers (NASW)
mdichristina@sciam.com
Christy George, President,
Society of Environmental Journalists (SEJ) CGeorge@opb.org
Pallab Ghosh, President, World Federation of Science Journalists (WFSJ)
pallab.ghosh@bbc.co.uk
"I am increasingly dismayed by the devaluation of
scientific fact by its inclusion, by
superstitious
commentators, in opinions about purely superstitious subjects.
Zev Chafets* derides "secular liberals" for "profoundly"
believing in global warming.
Then
Zev Chafets writes about
Armageddon as though the
latter is more likely to occur.
There is no such thing as "liberal" science .
Peer-reviewed scientific method has
no political party, race or relgious
creed and no objective but
truth.
There is no
disagreement among
peer-reviewed scientific journals about the fact of
global warming and its cause being
human activity." - Sue Simmons
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