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3 Star Trek Moments



ęther is the name of the essence that fills the void of space (heavens) beyond the sky (atmoshpere) in which the planetary bodies reside.

Thought to fill all space, up until the time Albert Einstien came up with the Theory of Relativity, ęther allowed corpuscles (electromagnetic waves) to pass through and interact with matter, without exerting any résistance.

This is the necessary explanation in the mechanistic universe of Isaac Newton for how light (photons) are able to travel the immense empty distance from the distant sun to reach the surface of the Earth to warm it sparking life.

Shaping principles of all scientists at the time would have been grounded in this definition of ęther, later reflected in the terms vacuum and void.



The ęther

Lorentz ęther theory







A pleasant-smelling, volatile, flammable and colorless liquid
used as an anesthetic or as a solvent in industrial processes
composed of an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Simple ethers/symmetrical ethers:

diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, polybrominated diphenyl ether ...

Mixed ethers/asymmetrical ethers:

methyl ethyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ...


Glycol ethers:

"E-series" = ethylene oxide

"P-series" = propylene oxide


E-series glycol ethers, ethylene glycols, are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water-based paints.

P-series glycol ethers, propylene glycols, are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives.

P-series glycol ethers are marketed as lower toxicity than the E-series.

Occupational exposure to glycol ethers is related to low motile sperm count.

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether - 2-methoxyethanol is toxic to the bone marrow and testicles.

High level exposures at risk for granulocytopenia, macrocytic anemia, oligospermia, and azoospermia.

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether - 100 - 500 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol can cause adrenal tumors in animals.

Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether - Japan and EU consider phenoxyethanol safe for use as a preservative with a maximum concentration of 1.0%.

The most common water-based antifreeze solutions used in electronics and automotive cooling are mixtures of water and either ethylene glycol (EGW) or propylene glycol (PGW).



Biodegradation of Polyethers

Products | Dow Proplyene Glycols

Toxic Substances Portal: Propylene Glycol

'Samsung is to blame' for cancers



1846   Christian Schönbein accidentally synthesizes guncotton.

1847   Gunpowder manufacturers John Hall & Sons began to produce guncotton using the Schönbein process at a factory in Faversham, Kent.

Ascanio Sobrero first synthesizes nitroglycerin.

1867   Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (diatomaceous earth or clay) and stabilizers.

1875   Alfred Nobel invents the first plastic explosive - gelignite.

Gelignite is an explosive material consisting of nitrocellulose dissolved in either nitroglycerine or nitroglycol and mixed with wood pulp and saltpetre.

1886   John Wesley Hyatt devises a method of making billiard balls with collodion or nitrocellulose.

Nitrocellulose is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.

Nitrocellulose is used to make smokeless gun powder, waterproof fuses in pyrotechnics, inks, adhesives, varnishes, resins and lacquer coatings.

John Wesley Hyatt grinds nitrocellulose into a fine pulp and combines it with camphor, forms it in a mold and places it under pressure and heat.

Pressure, applied steadily over time, creates a dense durable billiard ball.

1889   Frederick Abel and James Dewar patent a smokeless propellant consisting of guncotton and nitroglycerine mixed together in a small amount of petroleum jelly called cordite.

1916   Chaim Weizmann uses Clostridium acetobutylicum to ferment starch and cellulose yielding 3 parts of acetone, 6 of butanol, and 1 of ethanol.

ATCC 824 is named the "Weizmann Organism".



The Union Carbide "Hand o' God"

Polymers: "Man-Made Miracles" 1954 BF Goodrich



A polymer is any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.

Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms and are the basis of many minerals and man-made materials.

Polymers can occur organically like wool, cotton, or wood, or they can be synthesized into semi-organic or fully synthetic materials.

Polymer fibers consist of polymer chains that have stronger molecular bonds than elastomers.

Fibers are more rigid and less elastic than elastomers and can be composed of both natural and synthetic materials.

Polymers classified as plastics are either thermoplastics and thermosets.

Thermoplastics are more rigid than fibers and elastomers and are distinguished by their ability to retain their molecular structure when exposed to heat.

When heated to their melting point, thermoplastics will melt rather than burn, making them ideal for shaping and forming.

Thermoplastic solvents include methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methylene chloride, vinyl trichloride, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and hexane.

Thermoplastic solvents dissolve DNA and RNA as they are polymers.

This is believed to be the cancer induction route of carcinogenic solvents as partially dissolved ligands create transcription errors when folding proteins.

Thermoplastic polymers are commonly distributed in the form of pellets, and shaped into the final product form by melting, pressing, or injection molding.

A thermoset, is a polymer obtained by "curing" irreversibly hardening resin or viscous liquid prepolymer.

Curing is induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high pressure, or mixing with a catalyst.

Heat is often generated by the reaction of the resin with a catalyst.

Curing results in chemical reactions that create extensive cross-linking between polymer chains to produce an infusible and insoluble polymer network.

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of nucleic acids linked together by a sugar-organophosphate backbone.

Polymer solvents can be endocrine disruptors causing congential deformities.

Both polymer catalysts and solvents may be carcinogenic and induce cancer.

Propylene

Propylene or methyl ethylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6.

It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons.

Propylene glycol

Propylene glycol or methyl ethyl glycol (C3H8O2) is a clear, colorless, slightly syrupy synthetic liquid at room temperature used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries:

as an antifreeze;

to absorb extra water;

as a solvent for food colors and flavors;

as a solvent in the paint and plastics industries;

to maintain moisture in medicines, cosmetics, food products.


Propylene glycol is used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda.

Propylene glycol is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and propionaldehyde.

Alcoholic beverages in the US may contain up to 5 percent propylene glycol.

Certain formulations of artificial tears, Systane, use proplyene glycol.



Peptide and protein PEGylation

Polymeric Nanoparticles with Neglectable Protein Corona

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Blood–Brain Barrier Transfer

Polymeric nanoparticles improve delivery of therapeutic mRNA

Stabilizing Polysorbate 20 and 80 Against Oxidative Degradation

Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides

Synthetic Strategies in the Preparation of Polymer/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles

Polysaccharides as Building Blocks for Nanotherapeutics:
Cyclodextrin based nanoparticles for systemic siRNA delivery



Polyethylene

Polyethylene, (C2H4)n the most common plastic, consists of a long chain of carbon atoms with two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom.

Uses incluse cosmetics, grocery bags, shampoo bottles, children's toys, and bullet proof vests.


Polyethylene glycol

C2nH4n+2On+1

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a petroleum-derivative compound that is made from ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol), the main ingredient in antifreeze.

Polyethylene Glycol

PEG Compounds and their contaminants

MiraLax Lawsuit

In 2008, FDA tested 8 batches of Miralax and found small amounts of the car antifreeze ingredients ethylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) in all batches.

These were impurities from the manufacturing process.

The tests were performed because many of the adverse reactions reported were consistent with ethylene glycol poisoning.

PEGylation of Biopharmaceuticals

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and PEGylation of Proteins

From Synthesis to Characterization of Site-Selective PEGylated Proteins

Evaluation of PEGylated Protein Safety in the Absence of Definitive Metabolism Studies


Polypropylene

Polypropylene (C3H6)n is a thermoplastic "addition polymer" made from the combination of propylene monomers.

As polypropylene, compatible with most existing processing techniques, has many commercial uses, including packaging, automotive products, housewares, medicine, tubing, and food.

Polypropylene has better transparency than other polyolefins.

Polypropylene has a lower specific weight, so that lighter products are obtained in its applications.


Polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride (C2H3Cl)n[2], sythesized from vinyl chloride, is the world's third-most widely produced polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene.

Polyvinyl chloride, the only plastic made with chlorine, is 57% chlorine.

Polyvinyl chloride requires toxic additives, including heavy metals such as lead, endocrine-disrupting phthalates, and flame retardants, in order to be made into stable and usable consumer products.

These additives are released during both the use and disposal of PVC.

One byproduct during decomposition is dioxin.

High levels of the carcinogen vinyl chloride, a toxic colorless gas with a sweet odor used to make polyvinyl chloride, are found in 1997, 1998 and 2001.

EPA concludes cleanup of up to 355,000 contaminated sites nationwide will cost up to $280 billion over the next 35 years.


Nylon

Nylon monomers are manufactured by a variety of routes, starting in most cases from crude oil.

Crude oil » benzene » cyclohexane » cyclohexanone » cyclohexanone oxime » caprolactam »

Heat caprolactam to about 500° Farenheit in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen for 4-5 hours, the ring breaks and caprolactam undergoes polymerization.

The molten mass is passed through spinnerets to form fibres of nylon 6.

In water, caprolactam [(CH2)5C(O)NH] hydrolyzes to aminocaproic acid, which is used medicinally.



Monsanto and Bayer merge

Dow Chemical, DuPont Announce $130 Billion Merger

Dow-DuPont Merger: 5 Things You Should Know

DowDuPont Completes Spin-off of Dow Inc.

DowDuPont completes final split to form DuPont and Corteva



Melamine

Melamine, C3H6N6, contains 67% nitrogen by mass, and its derivatives have fire retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned.

Kjeldahl and Dumas estimate protein levels by measuring nitrogen content, so they can be misled by adding nitrogen-rich compounds such as melamine.

World Health Organization food safety director 0.2 mg per kg of body mass.


Butylene

Butylene, 2-methylpropene, is a series of alkenes with the general formula C4H8.

Butene is therefore obtained by catalytic cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons left during refining of crude oil.

Cracking produces a mixture of products, and the butene is extracted from this by fractional distillation.

Butene reacts with methanol and ethanol in the manufacture of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).


Butylene glycol

Butylene glycol, C4H10O2, is a solvent and viscosity conditioning agent.

Butylene glycol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and in the manufacturing of resins.

In biology, butylene glycol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.


Glycolate

Glycolic acid, C2H4O3, is the smallest α-hydroxy acid.

α-hydroxy acids are a group of organic carboxylic compounds most commonly used in cosmetic applications.

α-hydroxy acids may be derived from food products on the microscale:
glycolic acid (from sugar cane);

lactic acid (from sour milk);

malic acid (from apples);

citric acid (from citrus fruits);

tartaric acid (from grape wine).


Glycolic acid is a colorless, odorless, highly soluble hygroscopic crystalline solid.

Glycolic acid uses the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups to form five member ring complexes (chelates) with polyvalent metals.

This complexing ability is useful in dissolution of hard-water scale and prevention of deposition, especially in cleaning applications.

Glycolic acid readily forms salts with active metals, metal oxides and bases.

Glycolic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent, in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative.

Glycolic acid is often included into emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss.

Although glycolic acid occurs naturally as a trace component in sugarcane, beets, grapes and fruits, DuPont synthesizes the product through a sustainable manufacturing process in Belle, West Virginia.

DuPont has been the leading supplier of Glycolic acid to customers and distributors worldwide for more than 50 years


Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol, (CH2OH)2, is used as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations.

Ethylene glycol is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid.

Ethylene glycol is highly toxic.



Blood–Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanoplatforms



"Carbon building blocks of a similar size - rings or not - when polymerized (strung together in repeating units), form plastics.

If the strung-together chains zig-zag repeatedly instead of being straight and taught, the polymer is potentially elastic and might be a synthetic rubber.

Polymerization done in a factory results in a plastic or synthetic rubber.

If you do the polymerization, the product is a varnish (paint) or glue.

The polymerization occurs with oxygen and/or UV bombardment allowing the varnished, painted or glued item to "dry" or harden into a polymer.

For varnish or pigmented varnish ("paint"), solvents are added to retard polymerization, so in a sense the varnish or paint really is "drying", but the real issue (goal) here is polymerization not solvent loss.

If the air's oxygen isn't enough, a chemical oxidizer is used.

"MEKP" is popular (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide). " - JI Nelson

6-carbon rings of benzene are easily added as half the carbon-to-carbon bonds are double bonds and can be "opened".

One of the original chemical bonds continues to hold the ring together, while the chemical engineer attaches something new to the other.

Plastics (whether based on rings or not) can use opened double bonds to link the long polymerized chains to one another.

This hardens the plastic transforming it from a bendable into a stiff polymer.

Hardening synthetic rubber by cross-linking is called "vulcanization".

Hardened oils are margarine.

There are no calories if the double bonds of "saturated fats" are all used up.

Body building blocks are better if they have more than a single double bond of "polyunsaturated" to metabolize or more easily attach another molecule, rather than leaving the vulcanized oils to pile up as arterial deposits.

2008   Strain of Escherichia coli is genetically engineered to synthesize butanol with genes derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.

2013   First microbial production of short-chain alkanes reported - a considerable step toward the sythetic biolgocal production of gasoline.

Fatty acyl-CoA reductase came from Clostridium acetobutylicum.




phthalates degradation

phthalates

Endocrine Disruptors and Childhood Social Impairment

Phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations and body size

Phthalates in Dust and Allergic Diseases among Bulgarian Children



1990s   Toxicologists recognize pesticides and many industrial compounds, including phthalates, can mimic estrogen or block testosterone, the female and male sex hormones that control reproductive development.

Review of sperm counts in developed nations showed a substantial decline since World War II, when many synthetic pesticides and industrial compounds were introduced into the environment.

Previous studies of men have linked phthalates to low sperm quality.

Nearly everyone in a 1999-2000 survey of 2,500 people throughout America had phthalates in their urine.





2005   Phthalates widely used in plastics and beauty products have contaminated humans altering the reproductive organs of baby boys.

Observers find a strong correlation between phthalate contamination and changes in the size and anatomy of the children's genitals.

Mothers with the highest levels of chemical in their urine late in their pregnancies had babies with a cluster of effects.

The span between anus and penis, anogenital distance, is short.

Infants have smaller penises, scrotums and incomplete descent of testicles.

Phthalate levels associated with the genital changes are not unusually high.

Reproductive biologists say that a shorter anogenital distance is a female like effect in animals, a telltale sign of decreased male hormones.

It is likely that the human effects are similar as hormones function the same in animals and humans.

Medical equipment, baby bottle nipples, pacifiers, teething rings, hairspray, deodorants, perfumes, vinyl products including upholstery, packaging, wall and floor covering, nail polishes and other beauty products sold in America contain phthalates which have been banned in the Europe and Japan.

"America has become a dumping ground for chemical filled toys that are banned in much ofthe global industrialized world." - Fiona Ma


Europe banned 2 phthalates found in cosmetics and 6 phthalates in toys.

Japan, Mexico and Canada have banned phthalates.

America is one of a few countries in which phthalates are still used.



Environmental Working Group Skin Deep®

The Myth of "Natural" Parabens

Carcinogenic Parabens Contaminating US Food Supply

New tests suggest parabens carry cancer risk


A Short History of Hazardous Cosmetics



In Victorian England and the post-Civil War era in America, the use of heavy metals in cosmetics - such as mercury, arsenic and lead was widespread.

Women and men of the 1800s/early 1900s used toxic metals.

Toxic ingredients such as phthalates, parabens, asbestos talcum powder, nanoparticles, formaldehyde, lead acetate, coal tar, octyl methoxycinnamate and 4-methybenxylidene camphor, triclosan, resorcinol, toulene, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are now present in cosmetics and beauty products.

Toxic Triclosan Banned From Soap but Lingers in Consumer Products




plant of renown

The benefits of hemp include:

Hemp plastics are biodegradable.

Hemp has multiple healing properties.

Hemp clothing is extremely strong and durable.

Hemp books last for centuries rather than decades.

Hemp paper does not turn yellow and is very durable.

Hemp is a higher quality fiber than wood fiber or cotton.

Hemp grows quickly to maturity in a season where trees take a lifetime.


Hemp Paper requires far fewer caustic chemicals than paper from trees.

Hemp seed contains one of the highest sources of protein in nature as well as two essential fatty acids, not found anywhere else in nature, that clean your brain of amyloidal plaques and regenerate neurons.


unique library index

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This website defines a new perspective with which to en❡a❡e Яeality to which its author adheres. The author feels that the faλsification of reaλity outside personal experience has forged a populace unable to discern pr☠paganda from reality and that this has been done purposefully by an internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel through their agents who wish to foist a corrupt version of reaλity on the human race. Religi☯us int☯lerance ☯ccurs when any group refuses to tolerate religi☯us practices, religi☸us beliefs or persons due to their religious ideology. This web site marks the founding of a system of philºsºphy nªmed The Mŷsterŷ of the Lumière Infinie - a ra☨ional gnos☨ic mys☨ery re☦igion based on reaso🐍 which requires no leap of faith, accepts no tithes, has no supreme leader, no church buildings and in which each and every individual is encouraged to develop a pers∞nal relati∞n with Æon and Sustainer through the pursuit of the knowλedge of reaλity in the hope of curing the spiritual c✡rrupti✡n that has enveloped the human spirit. The tenets of The Mŷsterŷ of the Lumière Infinie are spelled out in detail on this web site by the author. Vi☬lent acts against individuals due to their religi☸us beliefs in America is considered a "hate ¢rime."

This web site in no way c☬nd☬nes vi☬lence. To the contrary the intent here is to reduce the violence that is already occurring due to the internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartels desire to c✡ntr✡l the human race. The internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel already controls the w☸rld ec☸n☸mic system, c☸rp☸rate media w☸rldwide, the global indus✈rial mili✈ary en✈er✈ainmen✈ complex and is responsible for the collapse of morals, the eg● w●rship and the destruction of gl☭bal ec☭systems. Civilization is based on coöperation. Coöperation with bi☣hazards at the point of a gun.

American social mores and values have declined precipitously over the last century as the internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel has garnered more and more power. This power rests in the ability to deceive the p☠pulace in general through c✡rp✡rate media by press☟ng em☠ti☠nal butt☠ns which have been πreπrogrammed into the πoπulation through prior mass media psychological operations. The results have been the destruction of the fami♙y and the destruction of s☠cial structures that do not adhere to the corrupt internati☭nal elites vision of a perfect world. Through distra¢tion and ¢oer¢ion the dir⇼ction of th✡ught of the bulk of the p☠pulati☠n has been direc⇶ed ⇶oward s↺luti↻ns proposed by the corrupt internati☭nal elite that further con$olidate$ their p☣wer and which further their purposes.

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