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"I will be merciful if you stop your evil thoughts
and deeds."
Jeremiah 7:5
Earth like planets are very rare.
Human
activity has significantly altered the Earth's atmosphere.
Andrew
Marshall, the director of the Office of Net Assessment, the father of
'Star Wars' and the Pentagon graybeard expert on future
strategic threats, was commissioned by
Richard Milhous Nixon "to weigh the military balance in
specific areas, determine what the important long term trends are, and to
highlight existing or emergent problem areas, or
important opportunities
that deserve attention to improve the future
American position in the continuing global military-economic-political
competition."
A report commissioned by Andrew Marshall describes
the disasters that would occur if the climate shifted abruptly in a decade or
two, as happened some 12,000 years ago.
The climate model used in
the movie The Day After Tomorrow is based on the climate model portrayed
in this report.
According to this climate scenario, most of Holland
and Bangladesh would be submerged by
violent storms and
rising oceans. Northern Europe
would freeze because of disruptions to the Gulf
Stream currents.
Millions of environmental refugees would gather at
the frontiers of the developed world, driven by wars, famines, and floods.
Nuclear conflict, continental droughts, and widespread rioting would erupt
across the face of the Earth. Nations would be forced to expand their military
power to defend dwindling food, water, and energy supplies.
The report
paints an image of America as a giant
gated community insulating itself from an Earth it helped forge,
isolated and despised by its angry, jealous
neighbors.
Although this outcome is presented as a worst-case
scenario the report suggests climate change should be elevated beyond a debate
over reality to a American national security concern.
Americans need to take seriously the
implications of global warming and act decisively to stop what could turn into
all out climatic mayhem.
The basic changes needed to effectively
limit global warming
would necessarily entail a tremendous amount of hands on labor, providing meaningful,
community based employment in
areas such as the reconstruction and retrofitting of buildings for energy
efficiency and solar power, the reforestation
and redesign of cities, the accelerated development of high mileage cars, the
nurturing of sustainable local agriculture, the construction of interlinked
public transportation systems and high speed rail networks and intensive
development of renewable energy
sources.
Americans do not need to remain on a
self-destructive
course.
banal
obvious, trite or dull
drearily
commonplace and often predictable
repeated too often; overfamiliar
through overuse
"Anyone who thinks the human race does not have a
powerful impact on the environment and climate definitely has their
head in the sand." -
Bill Patzert
"Recent years have shown that shifts in rainfall
can bring down governments and even set off wars. The African Sahel, just south
of the Sahara, provides a dramatic and poignant demonstration. The deadly
carnage in Darfur, Sudan, for example, which
is almost always discussed in political and military terms, has roots in an
ecological crisis directly arising from climate shocks." - Jeffrey Sachs
"The observed increase in greenhouse gas levels,
due to human production, is the only explanation we can find to account for
what has happened to our world. We've dusted for fingerprints. It's us." -
Katharine Hayhoe & Andrew Farley
"Climate change is happening now, and it's actually
beginning to affect our lives. It's not just happening in the Arctic regions,
but it's beginning to show up in our own backyards." - Thomas R. Karl, director
of the National Climatic Data Center at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, June 16, 2009
1896 Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish physical chemist and future
Nobel laureate, published his paper on the greenhouse effect.
The paper
documents Arrhenius' experimental verification of the ability of what was
called 'carbonic acid" – carbon dioxide – to trap heat near Earth's
surface.
1908 Svante Arrhenius pens Worlds in
the Making.
Svante Arrhenius predicted that the human emission of
CO² would be strong enough to prevent the world from entering a new ice
age, and that a warmer earth would be needed to feed the rapidly increasing
population.
Unfortunately now we know that the increase heat and carbon
dioxide actually retards plant growth.
Svante Arrhenius' greenhouse law:
If the quantity of carbonic
acid increases in geometric progression, the augmentation of the
temperature will increase nearly in arithmetic progression - based on the
Stefan-Boltzmann observations.
 
The United Nations sponsored
intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has reconfirmed the basic
accuracy of Svante Arrhenius' calculations.
Prior to the extensive
burning of fossil fuels the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
is about 280 parts per million.
After WWII readings of CO² showed
a 1-part-per-million annual increase.
Average readings at the 11,141
foot Mauna Loa Observatory, where carbon dioxide density peaks each northern
winter:
2003: 376 parts per million
March 2004: 379 ppm
Year-to-year increase of about 3 parts per million.
2008: 385
ppm
On May 9, 2013 the daily mean concentration of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere surpasses 400 parts per million.
August 2016: 402.25
ppm
June 23, 2017: 408.35 ppm
June 23, 2018: 410.76 ppm
Year-to-year increase of over 4 parts per million.
Even as
evidence of ongoing global
warming grows the fossil fuel
industry tries ever harder to convince the victims that global climate change
is in their best interest
while continuing to
devastate planetary ecosystems and traditional ways of life.
"I was shot by
Nigerian soldiers paid for by
Chevron Nigeria Ltd, a
subsidiary of Chevron.
I was
standing on a drilling platform in the Niger Delta run by
Chevron Nigeria Ltd.
More than 100 unarmed villagers joined me there to protest the loss of
our fish, our clean water and our trees because of Chevron's petroleum
production activities in our region, and to protest the loss of our traditional
ways of supporting ourselves as a result of these activities.
Chevron Nigeria Ltd paid
for, transported and supervised the Nigerian military and police forces
that responded to our protests.
They opened fire on us without warning!
The villagers who live near these petroleum facilities are desperately
poor.
Most of our villages have no electricity, many are reachable only
by boat.
These communities survive on subsistence fishing and farming
that has been destroyed by Chevron's dredging and drilling.
We
villagers seek basic environmental reparations and support, like hospitals,
scholarships and jobs to replace the fishing and farming we've lost.
In
all of 2007, Chevron spent less than one day's profits providing support to the
communities it destroys in Africa." - Larry Bowoto
1981
Fossil fuel industry learns that burning fossil fuel is causing
global warming.
2003 One of the deadliest weather
phenomena in the past century occurred in the summer there were more than
19,000 deaths attributed to the heat. It was the hottest summer in Europe in
500 years, according to an analysis of temperatures dating back to 1500. Record
temperatures were recorded in most of the major cities of Europe with many
readings of more than 100°.
"When you consider Europe as a whole,
it was by far the hottest summer," said Jurg Luterbacher, climatologist
University of Bern, Switzerland
Jurg said increased temperatures
were not limited to summer in Europe; winters also have been warmer than the
historical record. In the study, Luterbacher and his team analyzed the
temperature history of Europe starting in 1500 to the present. For the earliest
part of the half millennium, the temperatures are estimates based on proxy
measures, such as tree rings and soil cores. After about 1750, he said,
instrumented readings became generally available throughout
Europe.
2005 Philip Cooney, petroleum industry
lobbyist who edited government reports on climate change by
questioning the science and
significance of studies and projections as chief of staff for
George Walker Bush Council on
Environmental Quality, returns to the private sector as an employee of
ExxonMobil.
2007 Polluters pump at least
24,126,416,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment. The US
and its territories were responsible for 5.8 billion metric tons, more than
China (3.3 billion),
Russia (1.4 billion) and
India (1.2 billion)
combined
2008 The petroleum and coal industries
spent $427 million in the first six months in political contributions, lobbying
expenditures and advertising to oppose climate action.
2009 Center for Public Integrity estimates that "more
than 770 companies and interest groups hired an estimated 2,340 lobbyists to
influence federal policy on climate change in the past year." The Center for
Public Integrity calculates that the climate change-driven boom has
resulted in "an increase of more than 300% in the number of lobbyists on
climate change in just five years, and means that Washington can now boast more
than four climate lobbyists for every member of Congress. - 02/25/09
"Scientists have systematically
underestimated just how delicate the balance of the planet's physical systems
really is. That rise of 1° has seriously perturbed hydrological cycles:
Because warm air holds more water vapor than cold air does, both droughts and
floods are increasing dramatically. Coral reefs are dying, and so are
vast stretches
of forest. None of that is going to stop, even if we do everything right
from here on out. Given the time lag between when we emit carbon and when the
air heats up, we're already guaranteed at least another 1° of warming. The
only question now is whether we're going to hold off catastrophe. It won't be
easy, because the scientific consensus calls for roughly 5° more warming
this century unless we do just about everything right. And if our behavior up
until now is any indication, we won't." - Bill McKibben
polar ice caps
An ice shelf core about two miles long
- drilled in Antarctica - shows that at no time in the last 650,000 years have
levels of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane been as high as they
are today.
The research, published in a 2005 issue of the journal
Science, describes the content of the greenhouse gases within the core and
shows that carbon dioxide levels today are 27% higher than they have been at
any time in the last 650,000 years and levels of methane are 130% higher.
"Anyone counting on an ice age to head off global warming or hoping to
justify human greenhouse gas emissions to head off the next ice age, will find
no comfort in the ice core record." - Richard Alley, Penn State University
geophysicist and ice core analysis expert.
2002 Larsen B
ice shelf in Antarctic breaks up. Antarctic glaciers in the region are flowing
at up to eight times their previous flow rate. The breakup of the Larsen B ice
shelf left the glacial flow into Antarctica's Wendell Sea
unimpeded.
2005 About 288,000 square miles of
perennial Arctic ice shelf is lost between September 2004 and September 2005 -
14% overall and 50% of the east Arctic Ocean.
The reduction of sea ice
is making it more difficult for the polar bear to survive as polar bears are
dependent on the seals for sustenance and use sea ice as a platform from which
to hunt the seals.
2007 Northwest Passage becomes
navigable. National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that satellite
measurements showed a reduction of the sea ice to less than 2.02 million miles
- down 386,100 square miles from the previous low in September 2005. At current
rates Mark Serreze, a senior research
scientist, predicts the sea ice could be gone as soon as
2030.
2008 Northwest and
Northeast passages are open. Computer models predicted this would happen
sometime late in the 21st century. Melting Arctic ice is unsettling not only
because it prove the planet is warming rapidly, but also because it will help
speed up the warming. White ice reflects 80% of incoming solar radiation back
to space; blue water absorbs 80% of that sunshine.
International
shipping corporations ordered 152 reinforced hull ships to ply the newly opened
Northwest Passage at a cost of $100 million per ship - a $15 billion
investment.
160 square mile ice chunk breaks off the Wilkins Ice Shelf
in Antarctica.
Arctic ambition: The race to sail Northwest Passage heats
up
2009 Two 12,700-ton ships, the Beluga Fraternity
and Beluga Foresight, accompanied by Russian nuclear icebreakers
encounter only scattered ice floes in the first trip through the Arctic Ocean
from Korea to Rotterdam by commercial vessels.
The passage around the northernmost tip of Siberia, the Vilkitsky
Strait, ice covered about half the sea.
"It is global warming that
enabled us to think about using that route." - Verena Beckhusen, Beluga Group
spokeswoman
From Yokohama, Japan, to
Rotterdam via the Northeast Passage, Europe-Asia Trans Siberian Passage or
Northern Sea Route is about 4,450 miles shorter than
the Suez Canal route.
"We
are all very proud and delighted to be the first shipping incorporation which
has successfully transited the legendary Northeast Passage and delivered the
sensitive cargo safely through this extraordinarily demanding sea area." -
Neils Stolberg, Beluga Group president, September 10, 2009
2017 A 5,800-square kilometre (2,200-square mile) section of
Larsen C (ice shelf), larger than the State of Delaware with twice the volume
as Lake Erie about 350 metres (1,100 feet) thick, broke away. The Larsen C ice
shelf lost more than 12% of its total surface area.
permafrost
As northern permafrost thaws huge
amounts of methane long trapped below the ice begin to escape into the
atmosphere; methane is an even more potent greenhouse gas than carbon
dioxide.
walrus 6,000 or
more walruses congregated on Alaska's shore in the fall of 2007.
3,500
walruses were near Icy Cape on the Chukchi Sea, some 140 miles southwest of
Barrow in the fall of 2009. Federal wildlife researchers from the US Geological
Survey spotted up to 200 walrus calf carcasses near Icy Cape.
"This is
actually all new. They did this in 2007, and it's a result of the sea ice
retreating off the continental shelf." - Chad Jay, a US Geological Survey
walrus researcher
The US Fish and Wildlife Service announced that a
petition presented by the Center for Biological Diversity provided substantial
information that listing the walrus as threatened or endangered was
warranted.
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