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"The way of Nature has always been to slay the
hindmost, and there is still no other way,
unless we can prevent those who
would become the hindmost being born.
It is in the
sterilization of failures, and not in the
selection of successes for breeding, that the possibility of an improvement of
the human stock lies." - HG Wells1909 First typhoid inoculation occurs at the
Army Medical School.
1918 1918
Spanish Influenza is a vaccine induced disease caused by extreme body poisoning
from the amalgamation of many different vaccines.
Althoug this epidemic
is attributed to widespread use of vaccines this information is suppressed.
After the World War I, vaccine makers have an excess supply of vaccines
(originally intended for soldiers to treat yellow fever), as a result of the
relatively unexpected short duration of the war.
A huge vaccination
campaign is drummed up to vaccinate the population against "foreign
illnesses".
1931
Cornelius Packard Rhoads, a pathologist
from the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, purposely infects human guinea pigs in Puerto Rico
with cancer cells.
1932 A letter Rhoads had
written in November 1931, which disparaged Puerto Ricans and claimed he had
killed and intentionally injected cancer cells into his patients, was given by
a lab assistant to Puerto Rican nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos, he
publicized the letter in the Puerto Rican and American media, which led to a
scandal, an official investigation, and a US whitewashing campaign to protect
Rhoads and Rockefeller interests.
1938 The
Archives of Pediatrics describes medical studies of the severe gum
disease Vincent's angina in which doctors transmit the disease from sick
children to healthy children with oral swabs.
ACUTE
INFECTIOUS GINGIVOSTOMATITIS
1940 Cornelius
Rhoads becomes director of Memorial Hospital for Cancer Research in New
York.
1941 Cornelius Rhoads injects mental
patients at Elgin State Hospital in Illinois are
radium-266.
Dr. William C.
Black infects a 12-month-old baby with
herpes as part of a
medical experiment.
Researchers give 800
poverty-stricken pregnant
women at a Vanderbilt
University prenatal clinic "cocktails" including radioactive iron in
order to determine the iron
requirements of pregnant women.
Drs. Francis and Jonas Salk and
other researchers at the University of Michigan spray large amounts of
wild influenza virus directly into the nasal
passages of "volunteers" from
mental
institutions in Michigan.
1942 Harvard
biochemist Edward Cohn injects 64 prisoners with cow blood.
1943
US establishes a biological weapons program at Fort Detrick,
Maryland, to create biological weapons and develop defensive
measures.
Fort Detrick main
objectives include investigating whether diseases are transmitted by
inhalation, digestion or through skin absorption.
These biological
weapon experiments rely on the use of human subjects.
Frank Olson is
recruited to work in the secret biological weapons program.
Olson's
duties eventually include experiments with aerosolized anthrax.
US Navy
doctors infect 400 prison inmates in Chicago with malaria.
The Chemical Warfare Service begins
mustard gas and lewisite experiments on 4,000 military personnel without
informed
consent.
"Program F" is
implemented by the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
This is the most
extensive American study of the health effects of
fluoride, which is a key
chemical element in atomic bomb manufacturing.
Fluoride, one of the
most toxic chemicals known to
man, is found to cause marked adverse effects on the
central nervous system.
The information is squelched in the name of
national
security for fear that lawsuits would
undermine full-scale production
of atomic bombs.
1944 Captain AW Frisch,
an experienced microbiologist, begins experiments on 4 inmates of the state
prison at Dearborn, Michigan, inoculating prisoners with hepatitis.
University of Chicago Medical School professor Dr. Alf Alving
infects psychotic
patients at Illinois State Hospital with
malaria through blood
transfusions.
| "I want to consider human
experimentation as biomedicine. In a late-stage clinical trial the human
subject is essentially a special kind of patient. Where the outcomes are
uncertain and the subject is treated as a
special kind of model organism, her autonomy must be subdued. In this
realm, the norms of ethical treatment and even of morality may clash with the
dictates of logic and the standards of scientific practice." - Nathaniel
Comfort |
US Navy
begins Project Chatter to identify and test so-called "truth
serums".
Mescaline and
the central
nervous system depressant scopolamine are among the many
drugs tested on human guinea pigs.
The US Navy sprays a cloud of
Bacillus globigii bacteria from ships over the San Francisco shoreline.
Eight thousand residents of San Francisco inhale five thousand or more
bacteria, many become sick
with pneumonia like symptoms.
Dr. Joseph Strokes of the
University of Pennsylvania infects 200 female prisoners with
viral hepatitis.
Doctors at Cleveland
City Hospital inject human guinea pigs with spinal anesthesia then insert
needles in their jugular veins and brachial arteries and watch the reaction.
1948 The US Navy's Project
Bluebird, renamed Project Artichoke, begins
medical experiments on human
guinea pigs to test the effectiveness of LSD, sodium pentothal and
hypnosis for the
interrogative purposes as described in Project Bluebird
objectives.
Edgewood Arsenal human experiments begin.
7,000
soldiers take part in these experiments over the next few years.
More
than 250 different chemicals are tested on human subjects.
DoD begins
open air tests using disease-producing bacteria and viruses.
Military
scientists use the Dugway Proving Ground to determine how Brucella
suis and Brucella melitensis spread in human
populations.
Experts claim we are all infected with these agents as a
result of these experiments.
Under Project MKNAOMI the CIA
stockpiles biological toxins - infectious
viruses, paralytic shellfish toxin, lethal botulism toxin, snake venom and
the severe skin disease-producing agent microsporum gypseum.
The
development of all of this "gadgetry" requires human guinea pigs.
Researchers purposely blister the abdomens of 41 children, ranging in
age from eight to 14, with cantharide in order to study how severely the
substance irritates the skin.
US military releases
clouds of zinc cadmium
sulfide gas over Winnipeg; St. Louis; Minneapolis; Fort Wayne; the Monocacy
River Valley in Maryland; and Leesburg, Virginia.
Joint Army-Navy-CIA
experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands of people in New York and
San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs Serratia marcescens and
Bacillus globigii.
1951
Holmesburg prison experiments
Biowarfare Research History of Willy Burgdorfe
Dow Chemical pays Albert M.
Kligman $10,000 to learn how dioxin - a highly toxic, carcinogenic element of
Agent Orange - and other herbicides affect human skin because workers at the
chemical plant have been developing an acne-like condition called Chloracne.
"All I saw before me were acres of skin," Kligman told a newspaper
reporter. "It was like a farmer seeing a field for the first time."
As
part of the study, Albert M. Kligman applies roughly the amount of
dioxin Dow Chemical
employees are exposed to on the skin 70 prisoners some of which develop
systemic lupus erythematosus.
The US Army pays $386,486 to University
of Pennsylvania professors Albert M. Kligman* and Herbert W. Copelan to run
medical experiments on 320 inmates of Holmesburg Prison to determine the
effectiveness of seven mind-altering drugs.
The researchers' objective
is to determine the minimum effective dose of each drug needed to disable 50%
of any given population (MED-50).
1952
Heinz Edgar
Lehmann begins experiments on psychiatric patients.
April 13, 1953 A memorandum by
Richard Helms to CIA
director Allen Welsh Dulles
renames Project Artichoke - Project
MKUltra.
A special procedure, designated MKDelta, is
established to govern the use of biological materials abroad.
These
materials are used on a number of occasions.
As
Richard Helms
later destroyed the MKUltra records, it is
impossible to reconstruct
the operational use of biological materials overseas.
Use of these
materials abroad began as early as 1950 to study the use of biologicals "for
harassment, discrediting and disabling purposes."
November 18,
1953 A group from the SO Division, including Vincent Ruwet,
chief of the division, John Schwab, Frank Olson, Ben Wilson, Gerald Yonetz, and
John Malinowski, drive out to Deep Creek Lake.
The Detrick group is met
at the lodge by Sidney Gottlieb and his deputy Robert Lashbrook.
On the
second day of the retreat, Gottlieb spikes a bottle of Cointreau with lysergic
acid diethylamide, or LSD.
Sidney
Gottlieb
House of Horrors: Abominable Dr. Gottlieb
Frank
Olson is deeply involved in bacteriological warfare at Fort
Detrick.
Theory: Under the influence of LSD Olson shares his recognition
of the moral culpability of America for the loss of life in the human
experiments and is compromised.
Olson asks to quit the biowarfare
program one week after the retreat.
November 28,
1953 Frank Olson is executed by a blow to the forehead by
Robert Lashbrook and thrown from a
thirteen story window.
"The death of Frank Olson on 28 November 1953
was a murder, not a suicide.
This is not an LSD drug-experiment story,
as it was represented in 1975. This is a biological warfare story.
Frank Olson did not die because he was an experimental guinea pig who
experienced a ‘bad trip’.
He died because of concern that he
would divulge information concerning a highly classified CIA interrogation
program in the early 1950s, and concerning
the use of biological weapons by the
United States in the Korean War." - Ted Olson
Mind
Control and the New World Order
Family Questions CIA Role in Scientist's Bizarre
Death
How a deadly fall revealed the CIA’s darkest secrets
1954 US Air Force medical
officers assigned to Fort Detrick's Chemical Corps Biological Laboratory
begin Operation Whitecoat - experiments involving exposing human guinea
pigs to hepatitis, plague,
yellow fever, encephalitis, Rift Valley
fever, rickettsia and intestinal microbes.
These human subjects include
2,300 Seventh Day Adventist military personnel.
The Tampa Bay area of
Florida experienced a sharp rise in
whooping cough cases,
including 12 deaths, after a CIA
test where a bacteria withdrawn from the Army's Chemical and Biological
Warfare arsenal is released into the environment.
In Savannah,
Georgia and Avon Park, Florida, the Army carries out field tests in which
mosquitoes infected with yellow
fever and dengue fever are released into residential
neighborhoods.
Approximately 300 members of the US Navy are exposed to
radiation when the
Navy destroyer Mansfield detonates 30 nuclear bombs off the coasts of Pacific
Islands during Operation Hardtack.
Researchers at the Laurel
Children's Center in Maryland test experimental acne antibiotics on
children and continue their tests even after half of the young test subjects
develop severe liver
damage.
Chester M. Southam injects 22 senile, African-American
female patients at the Brooklyn Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital with
live cancer cells in order to observe the
immunological response.
Researchers at the University of
Washington directly irradiate the testes of 232 prison inmates in order to
determine the effects of radiation on testicular function.
In a National Institutes of Health sponsored
study, a researcher transplants a bamboon kidney
into a human and the experiment fails.
New York University
researcher Saul Krugman promises parents with mentally disabled children
indefinite enrollment into the Willowbrook State School in Staten
Island.
Saul Krugman deliberately infects these children with viral
hepatitis by feeding them an extract made from the feces of infected
patients.
Researchers at the University of California's Department of
Pediatrics use 113 newborns ranging in age from one hour to three days old
in a series of experiments
used to study changes in blood pressure and
blood flow.
In
one study, doctors insert a catheter through the newborns' umbilical arteries
and into their aortas and then immerse the newborns' feet in ice water while
recording aortic pressure.
In another experiment,
doctors strap 50 newborns to a
circumcision board, tilt the table so that all the blood rushes to their
heads and then measure their
blood
pressure.
The DoD uses Canadian soldiers
wearing butyl-rubber outfit and M9A1 gas masks to conduct 35 trials near Fort
Greely, Alaska, as part of "Operation Elk Hunt".
VX nerve gas tests, which are designed to measure the amount
of VX nerve agent put on the clothing of people moving through VX-contaminated
areas or touching contaminated vehicles, and the amount of VX vapor rising from
these areas.
VX operates by cutting off the
nervous system.
VX binds to the enzyme that transmits signals to the nerves inhibiting
them.
The nerves become isolated and uncontrollable.
The
antidote, atropine, is a toxin itself but it counteracts the effect of the VX
by removing it from the enzyme.
It is an anti-nerve agent so does the
reverse of the VX, a nerve agent.
Atropine is normally injected into
the arm or thigh but for gaseous attacks the atropine must go immediately into
the heart.
2,000 workers help make more than 4,400 tons of the VX nerve
agent for the DoD at
the Newport Chemical Depot, starting in 1961.
As
part of a test codenamed "Big Tom," the
DoD sprays
Oahu, Hawaii's most heavily populated island, with Bacillus
globigii.
The US Army dispensed Bacillus subtilis variant
throughout the New York City subway system.
The CIA places a chemical in
the drinking water supply of the FDA
headquarters in Washington, DC to see whether it is possible to spike
drinking water with LSD and other substances.
Researchers inject
pregnant women with radioactive cortisol to see if the radioactive material
will cross the placentas and affect the fetuses.
Dr. Robert MacMahan,
the Deputy Director of Research and Technology for the DoD, requests
funding for a project to produce a synthetic
biological agent for which humans have not yet acquired a natural immunity.
Under H.R. 15090, Dr. Robert MacMahan receives funding to begin CIA
supervised mycoplasma research at Fort Detrick's Special Operations
Division.
1954 Plum Island Animal Disease
Center of New York (PIADCNY) is a federal research facility dedicated to the
study of animal diseases.
During the Cold War a secret biological
weapons program targeting livestock is conducted at the site.
Scientists
study more than 40 foreign animal diseases, including hog cholera and African
swine fever.
1978 "Something happened to the
negative air pressure system that is designed to force air into the laboratory
instead of allowing disease organisms to spread outside.
Outside
contractors were sent to showers, given laboratory clothing and sent from Plum
Island.
Employees working in the laboratory were brought to the
showers, clothed and hustled off Plum Island.
Infected and healthy
animals had to be killed and the toll reached 200.
Of these, 100 were
cattle, and the balance
included pigs, sheep and ponies.
The animals were quartered and burned
in incinerators at 1,500 degrees." - Irvin Molotsky,
On Isolated Plum Island
1990
This regulation permits the FDA to inject American military personel with
unapproved experimental drugs or vaccines without
informed
consent.
The FDA merely needs to deem it "not feasible" to obtain
the soldiers permission.
Health Letter, Washington, DC. Public Citizens
Health Research Group "400,000 Human Guinea Pigs in the Persian Gulf",
Feb 12, 1991
1991
Operation Desert Storm. American troops are given experimental vaccines against
biological agents.
Within months thousands of troops sicken with a
communicable cancer causing virus.
Disease is named "Gulf War Syndrome".
Government denies all responsibility.
Over 8,000 troops are
vaccinated with Botulism, over 150,000 troops were given anthrax vaccine, and all 500,000 troops were given
Pyristigimine, an experimental nerve agent.
All chemical and biological
agents are experimental.
2004
Plum Island Reports Disease Outbreak
2008
Government admits accidents at Plum Island
biolab |
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