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sense
"All sensation is true;
sensation is the
primary source of knowledge."
Epicurus
sense is defined as:to grasp;
to
perceive;
to understand;
good judgement;
moral apprehension
natural
apprehension
complying
with consensus;
a general
conscious awareness;
a sensation produced by a
stimulus;
an
intuitive acquired ability to estimate;
the normal ability to think or reason
soundly;
to become aware
of; meaning; import; significance;
intellectual
perception;
apperception;
recognition;
discernment.
Any of the faculties by which stimuli from outside or inside the
body are received and felt, as the faculties of
hearing, sight,
smell, touch,
taste, and
equilibrium.
Sense is
the mind acting in the direct
cognition of material objects or of
its own mental states.
Understanding is the logical power of apprehending
general conceptions while classifying,
arranging, and making
deductions.
Reason is the power of
apprehending fundamental truths which are the conditions of
all real and scientific
knowledge, and which control the
mind in all its processes of investigation and deduction.
nine major sense
groups
sight
"He who smells,
gets hungry;
he who smells not, desires
Monsanto."
touch
"He who touches, feels;
he who touches not,
feels not."
"The ultimate evil on Earth is not is not
war itself but aggression. Aggression
is the 'mother of all wars'. That aggression has a potential foothold inside
every one of us. Each time we deliberately inflict pain on another, we know we
are doing evil." - Amos Oz
"The social forms and institutions of
nonaggressive cultures positively reinforce acts that benefit the group as a
whole while negatively reinforcing acts (and eliminating goals) that harm some
members of the group. The social forms of aggressive cultures, on the other
hand, reward actions that emphasize individual gain, even or especially when
that gain harms others in the community." - Ruth Benedict"Pleasure and violence have a reciprocal relationship, the
presence of one inhibits the other. When the brain's pleasure circuits are
'on,' the violence circuits are 'off,' and vice versa. A pleasure-prone
personality rarely displays violence or aggressive behaviors, and a violent
personality has little ability to tolerate, experience, or
enjoy sensuously pleasing
activities.
The reciprocal relationship of pleasure and violence is
highly significant because certain sensory experiences during the formative
periods of development will create a
neuropsychological predisposition for either violence seeking or pleasure
seeking behavior
later in life. Abnormal social and emotional behaviors result from
'somatosensory' deprivation, a lack
of tender and loving care.
Derived from the Greek word for 'body,' the
term 'somatosensory' refers to the sensations of touch and body movement which
differ from the senses of seeing, hearing, smelling and tasting. The
deprivation of body touch and contact
are the basic causes of a number of emotional disturbances include
depressive behaviors,
sexual aberration, drug abuse, violence,
and aggression. Not surprisingly, when high self-needs are combined with the
deprivation of physical
affection, the result is
self-interest and high rates of
narcissism.
The deprivation of
body pleasure throughout life - but particularly during the formative periods
of infancy, childhood, and adolescence - are very closely related to the amount
of warfare and interpersonal violence a culture experiences - high self-needs
coupled with high rates of self-interest
and narcissism.
Another way of looking at the reciprocal relationship
between violence and pleasure is to examine a society's
choice of drugs as a society will
support behaviors that are
consistent with its values and social mores.
American society is a
competitive, aggressive, and
violent society. Consequently, it supports drugs that facilitate
competitive, aggressive, and
violent behaviors and oppose drugs that counteract such
behaviors.
Alcohol is well known to facilitate the expression of violent behaviors, and,
although addicting and very harmful to chronic users, is acceptable to American
society. Methamphetamine and engineered tobacco also belong to a
competitive, aggressive, and
violent society.
Marijuana, on the
other hand, is an active pleasure inducing drug which enhances the pleasure of
touch and actively inhibits violent aggressive
behaviors. It is for this reason that marijuana is rejected in American culture.
In Western philosophical dualistic
thought man is not a unitary being but is divided into two parts, body and
soul.
The Greek philosophical conception of the relationship between body and
soul was quite different than the Judeo-Christian concept which posited a state
of war between the body and soul. Within Judeo-Christian thought the purpose of
human life was to save the soul, and the body, flesh, was seen as an impediment
to achieving this objective. Consequently, the flesh must be punished and
deprived.
When high self-needs are combined with the
deprivation of physical
affection, the result is self-interest and
high rates of narcissism. Cultures which are repressive of human sexuality tend
to have rich pornographic art forms such as exhibitionistic
dancing and pornography - a
substitute for normal sexual expression.
-James W. Prescott, a
neuropsychologist and health scientist administrator at the National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland.
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"He who tastes, knows bitterness, saltiness and sourness;
he
who tastes not, knows only
the flavor of
HFCS."
"He who is in balance, walks a straight
line;
he who is not in balance, falls down."
"Our senses are limited.
We 'see' only some wavelengths of light
;
we 'smell' only a range of odours;
we 'hear' only a range
of sounds.
If we see nothing, then this does not mean that nothing is
there.
The extents of our senses, both quantitatively and
qualitatively, are also the results of an adaptive selection process that must allocate
scarce resources.
We could have
evolved eyes that were thousands of times more sensitive, but that ability
would need to have been paid for by using resources that could have been used
elsewhere.
We have ended up with a package of senses that makes
efficient use of the scarce resources
available." - John D. Barrow
Although human senses are
limited they are truly quite magnificent.
A human with normally functioning senses
can;
feel on the fingertips or face a pressure that depresses the skin a
.00004 inch,
feel the weight of a bee's wing falling on the cheek from
less than half an inch away,
see a small candle flame from 30 miles away
on a clear, dark night,
distinguish among more than 300,000 different
color variations,
smell one drop of perfume diffused through a
three-room apartment,
taste .04 ounce-of table salt dissolved in 530
quarts of water,
gauge the direction of a sound's origin based on a
.00003 second difference in its arrival from one ear to the
other.
21 senses or more
!
The commonly held definition of a
"sense" is "any system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that
respond to a specific physical phenomenon and that corresponds to a particular
group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and
interpreted.
The commonly held human senses are as follows:
Sight:
This technically is two senses
given the two distinct types of receptors present, one for color (cones) and
one for brightness (rods).
Taste:
This
is sometimes argued to be five senses by itself due to the differing types of
taste receptors (sweet, salty, sour,
bitter, and umami),
but generally is just referred to as one sense. For those who don't know, umami
receptors detect the amino acid glutamate, which is a taste generally found in
meat and some artificial flavoring. The taste sense, unlike sight, is a sense
based on a chemical reaction
Touch:
This
has been found to be distinct from pressure, temperature, pain, and even itch
sensors.
Pressure:
Obvious sense is
obvious. ;-)
Itch:
Surprisingly, this is
a distinct sensor system from other touch-related senses.
Thermoception:
Ability to sense heat and cold. This
also is thought of as more than one sense. This is not just because of the two
hot/cold receptors, but also because there is a completely different type of
thermoceptor, in terms of the mechanism for detection, in the brain. These
thermoceptors in the brain are used for monitoring internal body temperature.
Sound:
Detecting vibrations along some
medium, such as air or water that is in contact with your ear drums. Smell: Yet
another of the sensors that work off of a chemical reaction. This sense
combines with taste to produce flavors.
Proprioception:
This sense gives you the ability to
tell where your body parts are, relative to other body parts. This sense is one
of the things police officers test when they pull over someone who they think
is driving drunk. The "close your eyes and touch your nose" test is testing
this sense. This sense is used all the time in little ways, such as when you
scratch an itch on your foot, but never once look at your foot to see where
your hand is relative to your foot.
Tension
Sensors:
These are found in such places as your muscles and
allow the brain the ability to monitor muscle tension.
Nociception:
In a word, pain. This was once thought to
simply be the result of overloading other senses, such as "touch", but this has
been found not to be the case and instead, it is its own unique sensory system.
There are three distinct types of pain receptors: cutaneous (skin), somatic
(bones and joints), and visceral (body organs).
Magentoception:
This is the ability
to detect magnetic fields, which
is principally useful in providing a sense of direction when detecting the
Earth's magnetic field. Unlike most birds, humans do not have a strong
magentoception, however, experiments have demonstrated that we do tend to have
some sense of magnetic fields.
The mechanism for this is not completely understood; it is theorized that this
has something to do with deposits of ferric iron in our noses. This would make
sense if that is correct as humans who are given magnetic implants have been
shown to have a much stronger magnetoception than humans without.
Equilibrioception:
The sense that allows you to keep
your balance and sense body movement in terms of acceleration and directional
changes. This sense also allows for perceiving gravity. The sensory system for
this is found in your inner ears and is called the vestibular labyrinthine
system. Anyone who's ever had this sense go out on them on occasion knows how
important this is. When it's not working or malfunctioning, you literally can't
tell up from down and moving from one location to another without aid is nearly
impossible.
Stretch Receptors:
These are
found in such places as the lungs, bladder, stomach, and the gastrointestinal
tract. A type of stretch receptor, that senses dilation of blood vessels, is
also often involved in headaches.
Chemoreceptors:
These trigger an area of the medulla
in the brain that is involved in detecting blood born hormones and drugs. It
also is involved in the vomiting reflex.
Thirst:
This system more or less allows your body to monitor its hydration
level and so your body knows when it should tell you to drink.
Hunger:
This system allows your body to detect when
you need to eat something.
Time:
This one is debated as no singular
mechanism has been found that allows people to perceive time. However,
experimental data has conclusively shown humans have a startling accurate sense
of time, particularly when younger. The mechanism we use for this seems to be a
distributed system involving the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal
ganglia. Long term time keeping seems to be monitored by the suprachiasmatic
nuclei (responsible for the circadian rhythm). Short term time keeping is
handled by other cell systems.
Did you know humans have the ability to
ignore one or more of the sensory systems at any given time ? |
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