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The Sabra and
Shatila massacre was the killing of up to 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians
and Lebanese Shiites, by al-Kata'ib militia, a
predominantly Christian Lebanese right-wing party, in the Sabra neighborhood
and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp in
Beirut,
Lebanon.
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"There
are biological differences between the
sexes, including average body
size and upper body strength, and
aspects of reproductive physiology.
There is
a range of gendered differences
in behavior and perception in social
structure developmental patterns.
There are
more biological similarities than
differences, and more gender overlaps
than discontinuities.
Differences of age groups and similarities of
skills shape performance roles on specific tasks individually.
We
actually know quite a bit about human evolution and the patterns and processes
that our ancestors faced.
Men made
the tools?
We have no
evidence of any sort that there were any sex or gender differences in the
creation and use of stone, wood, bone or other tool technologies.
Evidence in bones for gender differences show up with emergence of
specialization, domestication
and sedentism.
Men hunted and
fought one another?
For the
vast majority of human evolution there is strong likelihood that
both sexes participated in
hunting.
Earlier humans where substantially more robust.
Evidence of interpersonal violence is minimal.
When we do
start to see more
robust evidence for war like events the
distribution of injuries and evidence of
participation is not biased
by sex until quite recently.
There are no clear biases in regards
to gender representation in hunting and violence until recently." -
Agustín Fuentes, Ignorance of Evolutionary Processes
"Violence is a symptom of
a wounded
spirit."
Charles Eisenstein
Humans were hunters and gatherers
long before they became
warriors.
Ancient Cro-Magnon began
eating flesh 2.5 million years
ago.
Caleb E. Finch identified eight genes that evolved in Cro-Magnon to
manage saturated fat, cholesterol,
infectious agents and
against overdose of iron and
other metals that are
relatively abundant in flesh compared with plants.
Genes to digest flesh
is common Cro-Magnon heritage.
Empathetic human beings,
granted life by the Creator and
Sustainer, understand the
taking of flesh to be a necessary evil done only for sustenance.
Social Darwinism suggests predation of
the weak to be quite profitable.
Natural Law
clearly states
harvest for profit is unsustainable.
Domination by
human predators entranced by the
Wetiko revolution respond to the false
need to "contain" or "pacify" those
branded as "other."
Americans generally do not
regard themselves as arrogant, petty and ignoble.
Empirical verifiable social
scientific evidence suggests otherwise.
Yale psychology professor Stanley Milgram had
individuals apply electric
shocks in a behavioral training experiment for incorrect answers.
Participants were asked to turn the voltage up, even to where the dial
read "danger," a point at which the
victim could be heard screaming.
Two-thirds of the subjects
continued to follow orders to
administer shocks.
Stanford psychology professor Philip G. Zimbardo
initiated an experiment in
which participating Stanford students were designated either as
prisoners or
guards, with
guards told to maintain
order.
The project had to be prematurely terminated as the guards
fulfilling their roles becoming
uncomfortably abusive toward
the prisoners.
Violence on broadcast television began approaching
"epidemic proportions," surging 75% between 1998 and 2005.
"Media violence causes aggressive and
antisocial behavior, desensitize
viewers to future violence and increase perceptions that they are
living in a mean and dangerous
world.
Children younger
than 8 cannot discriminate between real life and fantasy.
They quickly learn violence is an
acceptable solution to resolving complex problems, if the aggressor is the
hero." - American Academy of Pediatrics
Violence is a built-in feature
of humanities
worldview.
It is implicit in our
conception of ourselves as separate beings in a universe of discrete others
competing for survival.
The objectification of
life and the earth itself
enables and legitimizes
violence.
Lost in the manmade
realm of abstractions - statistics,
names of countries, figures in
accounting ledgers - we end up perpetrating violence.
Depictions of graphic
violence and diabolical
cruelty in the entertainment media have
inures us to violent images
even when they are not fictitious.
The endemic exposure to violence
in our culture desensitizes us.
Suffering is perpetuated unseen
deep within the
Silence.
1993 Robert Meyrowitz* brings
extreme fighting to America with the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
Robert Meyrowitz first sells extreme fighting to pay-per-view providers
through his incorporation Semaphore Entertainment Group.
Robert
Meyrowitz also brings Ozzy Osbourne into
America's living
room.
1996 "The cumulative impact of
violence-laden imagery can lead to a "mean-world" perspective, in which viewers
have an unrealistically dark view of
life."
- The Christian Science Monitor, November 18, 1996
1997 "People are
concerned about this race to the bottom. They wonder if there even is a bottom.
I do, too." - FCC, Michael
J. Copps 01/07
"American kids
want to relate to something.
American kids want something edgy.
American kids are looking
for identity, something that makes them feel tough." - Jeff Clark,
president North County Fight Club 01/07
"Violence is like the
nicotine in cigarettes.
Media has to pump ever more
violence into us as we've built up a tolerance.
In order to get the same high, we need
ever-higher levels.
The
television industry has
captured market share
through an addictive and toxic ingredient." - Lt. Col. David
Grossman
"For the last three decades, the one predominant finding in
research on the c✡rp✡rate media is that
exposure to media portrayals of
violence increases aggressive
behavior in children." - American
Psychiatric Association
out of these troubled times - a "new world order" - can emerge
George Walker Bush
"Thucydides wrote of
Athens' expanding empire and how
this empire led it to become a tyrant abroad and then a tyrant at
home.
The tyranny Athens imposed on others, Athens finally imposed on
itself and then Athens died." - Chris Hedges
War is a turning away from the
sanctity and preservation of life
!
War fosters
alienation which inevitably leads to
nihilism.
The essence of war is death,
necrophilia,
pure blood lust.
War hogs hide their necrophilia
behind silver tongued
politicians.
American communication
escalates into violence if demands remain unmet.
Americans
delivered incendiary messages at Dresden,
Hiroshima,
Vietnam.
911 facilitated incendiary messages in
Afghanistan and
Iraq.
"This sense of religious mission,
this belief that since the US has been blessed with prosperity and democracy, we
have, not just the right, but perhaps even the
God-given obligation to go to
other countries and share the benefits of all we have,
particularly to countries that may
not even be advanced enough to realize how much they want our political
system." - Stephen Kinzer
"War is something so monstrous that it
befits wild beasts rather than men.
There is no lack of learned
sycophants to put the name of zeal, piety, and
valor to this manifest
insanity." - Desiderius Erasmus
Benevolent hegemony presumes the hegemon
is not only well intentioned but competent as well." -
Francis Fukuyama
One day an Iraqi will tell the story
of the invasion and occupation of Iraq
Massacre is defined as
the wholesale slaughter of one group of people by an opposing group of
people.
1215 Waldensian teachings come into
conflict with the Catholic Church and the Waldensians are declared heretical.
1487 Pope Innocent VIII issues a package leaflet
for the extermination of the Waldensians.
November 18,
1541 The Parlement of Provence issued the "Arrêt de
Mérindol".
1545 After a series of
appeals Francis I of France orders the Waldensians of the village of
Mérindol to be punished for dissident religious activities.
In
April, Maynier raised an army of Provençal troops, who were joined by
forces from the Papal Comtat Venaissin against the Waldensians of
Mérindol and Cabrières.
The leaders were Jean Maynier
d'Oppède, First President of the Parlement of Provence, and
Antoine Escalin des Aimars, returning from the Italian Wars with 2,000
veterans, the Bandes de Piémont.
In total, they destroyed
between 22 and 28 villages.
Hundreds of men were
impressed into forced labour
in the French galleys.
1650 The New Council of
Propagation of the Faith and the Extermination of Heresy (Concilium Novum
de Propaganda Fide et Extirpandis Haereticis), an institution of the Roman
Catholic Church that regularly convened in the palace of the Archbishop of
Turin exerts constant pressure to exterminate the Waldensians.
Edict
of 15 May 1650 abrogates Waldensian religious privileges.
1655
Edict of 25 January 1655 is an expulsion order.
"That
every head of a family, with the individuals of that family, of the reformed
religion, of what rank, degree, or condition soever, none excepted inhabiting
and possessing estates in Lucerne, St. Giovanni, Bibiana, Campiglione, St.
Secondo, Lucernetta, La Torre, Fenile, and Bricherassio, should, within three
days after the publication thereof, withdraw and depart, and be withdrawn out
of the said places, and translated into the places and limits tolerated by his
highness during his pleasure; particularly Bobbio, Angrogne, Vilario, Rorata,
and the county of Bonetti. And all this to be done on pain of death, and
confiscation of house and goods, unless within the limited time they turned
Roman Catholics."
The Piedmontese Easter is a series of massacres
on Waldensians by Savoyard troops in the Duchy of Savoy.
l838 General Winfield Scott arrived at Calhoun, Tennessee in
command of 7,000 soldiers to forcible remove l6,000 Cherokee to the
West.
25 stockades were established in North Carolina, Tennessee,
Georgia and Alabama to be used as "holding pens" for the Cherokee until they
could be marched to Rattlesnake Springs.
From there, they would begin
the forced march under armed escort known as the Trail of Tears.
Tsali
farmed a small hillside plot and hunted to provide for his
family.
Tsali's brother-in-law came to Tsali's cabin: General Winfield
Scott said all Cherokee people must begin the long march west before the next
new moon.
Soldiers arrived at Tsali's cabin and told him that he and his
family must go to the stockade at Bushnell, down the Little Tennessee River
from Tsali's cabin
Second Lieutenant Andrew Jackson Smith, accompanied by
three soldiers, march five men, seven women and some children.
Four
United States military personal, carrying rifles, one on horseback were
overcome with only Second Lieutenant Andrew Jackson Smith
surviving.
General Scott gave orders to Colonel William S. Foster to
hunt down and shoot the "murderers."
Chief Drowning Bear and Will Thomas
enlisted.
Thomas was the white adopted son of Chief Drowning Bear of
Quallatown.
Colonel Foster entered the upper Little Tennessee country
with nine companies of the US Fourth Infantry but fail to find
them.
Thomas convinced the Quallatown Cherokee if they would help catch
Tsali and the other "murderers," they would be allowed to stay in North
Carolina.
Oconaluftee Cherokee provide a total force of about sixty
men.
Soon the Oconaluftee turn over to Tsali's oldest son, Nantayalee
Jake, and Tsali's brother-in-law, Nantayalee George, whom Foster claimed were
the "principal actors in the
murder."
Tsali's wife and the wife of Nantayalee George and her
small daughter had also been brought in by the Oconaluftee Cherokee.
The adult males are executed by a six man the Oconaluftee firing squad.
At noon on the next day, Tsali is tied to a tree and shot.
1868
Opelousas: 300 Blacks killed over Right to Vote
July 29, 1910
Slocum Massacre
Convenient Amnesia in Texas
La Matanza
Rangers Killed Hundreds of Latinos
Texas Rangers Killed Hundreds of Hispanic
Americans
September 30, 1919
Elaine Massacre
June 1, 1921
Tulsa Massacre
2012
"While working at the Israel State Archives in Jerusalem, I came across
highly classified material from Israel's 1982 War in Lebanon that had just been
opened to observers.
This access was in line with the thirty-year rule of declassification
governing the release of documents in Israel.
Sifting through
Foreign Ministry files, I stumbled upon the minutes of a September 17
meeting between Israeli and American officials that took place in the midst of
the Sabra and Shatila massacre.
The
startling verbatim exchange between Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon
and US diplomat Morris Draper demonstrated how the slaughter of civilians in
the Palestinian refugee camps of south Beirut was prolonged.
Sharon sued
Time for libel over
its coverage of his role in the massacre.
Cravath, Swaine &
Moore obtained classified material from the appendix of the official
Israeli report into the massacre, known as the Kahan Commission
Between 16 and 18 September
1982, while the camps were under the guard of the Israeli Defence Force,
Palestinian refugees were massacred by Christian Lebanese Phalangists
(Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya).
The al-Kata'ib party,
formed in 1936 as a Maronite paramilitary youth organization by Pierre Gemayel,
modeled the party after Falange
Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista &
Partito
Nazionale Fascista.
No Gun Ri In the
early days of the Korean War,
groups of refugees fleeing a
North Korean advance
attempted to cross American lines despite warning shots.
Up to 400
refuges, mostly women and children, were shot in one incident.
American
soldiers suspected the group was biowarfare contaminated.
1997
30 survivors from
South Korea and
relatives of victims file a
lawsuit that describes a three-day period of killing, claiming American
planes strafed hundreds of refugees fleeing
North Korean troops, leaving 100
people dead.
The survivors fled under the bridge, where they were pinned
by American troops who shoot and kill almost all the refugees.
April 2007 A document found in the National
Archives notes that the army had a policy of shooting approaching
civilians.
A memo, dated July 25, 1950, from the United States Fifth
Air Force regarding "Policy on Strafing Civilian Targets", written by
USAF Colonel Turner C. Rogers recalls that, "the army has requested that we
strafe all civilian refugee parties that are noted approaching our positions,"
and that, "to date, we have complied with the army request in this
regard."
My Lai
The soldiers found no
insurgents in the
village of My Lai on the
morning of March 16,
1968.
One platoon led by Lt.
William Calley, killed hundreds of civilians - primarily old men, women,
children, and babies.
Some were tortured or raped.
Dozens were
herded into a ditch and executed with automatic firearms.
Spring 1972
Survivors of the My Lai
massacre, are "accidently" slaughtered by "friendly" airstrikes and artillery
bombardment.
Vietnam War Crimes Working
Group
The archives of the Vietnam
War Crimes Working Group, made up of staff members assigned to General
William C. Westmoreland, filed at the National Archives in College Park,
Maryland substantiated 300 atrocities which included:
seven massacres
from 1967 through 1971 in which at least 137 civilians died; seventy-eight
other attacks on noncombatants in which at least 57 were killed, 56 wounded and
15 sexually assaulted;
one hundred forty-one instances in which
American soldiers tortured civilian detainees or
prisoners of war with
fists, sticks, bats, water or
electric
shock.
Members of a reconnaissance platoon swept through the Que Son
Valley, burning homes, slaughtering animals and killing civilians.
Members of the platoon killed:
an unarmed boy standing outside
a cluster of huts;
three women and three children in a hut;
executed an elderly woman and a baby;
raped a woman and a young
girl and then executed civilian detainees.
The unit reported the victims as enemy
killed in action.
On the same day as the massacre at My Lai,
American soldiers from the same division killed an undetermined number of women
and children in neighboring My Khe.
American soldiers tossed grenades
into shelters and shot women, and children as they ran for cover or tried to
flee.
Over the next three days, members of the unit burned three
hamlets to the ground and
tortured detainees with
electric shocks.
The unit reported 39 enemy combatants killed but
recovered no weapons and suffered no casualties.
An American helicopter "hunter-killer"
team attacked a village in Cambodia with rockets and machine gun fire,
killing eight civilians, including two children, and wounding 15.
After
the attack, an American captain landed with a platoon of South Vietnamese
troops.
No enemy weapons or
other war materiel were found.
The troops provided no medical
treatment to the wounded.
The American captain returned to the aircraft
with a motorcycle and the Vietnamese troops made off with large quantities of
civilian property, including tobacco, poultry, and radios.
The
documents, archives of the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group have now
been reclassified "secret" and
removed from the public
domain.
US Bombed Cambodia Secretly After Invasion in
1970
Haditha massacre
"Haditha holds a
mirror up not just to American troops in the field but to our whole
society.
Not just to the liars in government but to those that believe
them too easily.
It is past time for Americans to summon the civil
courage to face what is being done in their name and refuse to be accomplices."
- Daniel Ellsberg
"One of the most noble things you can do is kill
the enemy." - Major Douglas Zembiec, killed May 10, 2007 while conducting
a raid in Baghdad
Witness' to
the slaying of Iraqi civilians by American Marines in the village of Haditha
say the American Marines shot men, women and children at close range in
retaliation for the death of a Marine in a roadside bombing.
Aws Fahmi,
a Haditha resident watched and
listened as
American Marines went from
house to house killing members of three families.
Aws Fahmi heard
Younis Salim Khafif plead in English for his life and the lives of his family
members.
"I heard Younis speaking to the American Marines, saying: 'I am friend. I am good,' they
killed him, his wife and daughters."- Aws Fahmi
The girls killed inside
Younis Salim Khafif's house are ages
14, 10, 5, 3 and 1.
Abdul Hamid Hassan Ali, 76; Khamisa Tuma Ali, 66
(wife); Iman, 8; Abdul Rahman, 5; Abdullah, 4; were killed in the house next
door.
Khafif, 43; Aeda Yasin Ahmed, 41; a son, 8 and five young
daughters and an infant were killed in the third house.
Only
13-year-old Safa Younis lived - saved by her mother's
blood spilling onto her making her
look dead.
One marine claimed that in a pistol fire fight while
unloading his pistol he shot three Iraqs in the head. (Trained by Clint
Eastwood!)
"Democracy assassinated the
family that was here" - graffiti seen later
Warplanes conducted
airstrikes, dropping 500 lb bombs on more than one house to cover up the
massacre.
"In addition to the American Marines' individual actions,
"jets dropped 500 lb bombs". The buck for the "total breakdown in morality and
leadership" doesn't stop with a single unit of stressed out,
third tour of duty American Marines. It
stops at the very top, with George Walker Bush." - Jess Winfield
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and is responsible for the coλλapse of moraλs, the eg●
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Civilization is based on coöperation. Coöperation with
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American social mores and values have
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