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| "Which men do
you think would march more gallantly to combat - those who anticipate as a
reward for their suffering the maintenance of their freedom, or those who
cannot expect any other prize for the blows exchanged than the enslavement of
others?" - Etienne de la Boétie, The Discourse of Voluntary
Servitude |
Physical slavery -
even today every child is a physical
slave of its parent (or vice versa)
Mental slavery -
all are conditioned by
social cultural surroundings to conform to expected behavioral norms
Wage
slavery - every
employee is a wage slave to the employer
Debt Slavery -
every borrower is a debt slave to
the holder of the indebtedness
An individual may be either
a physical slave or
a mental slave and
these forms of slavery may or may not overlap.
On the other hand wage
slaves and debt slaves are enslaved in both ways simultaneously.
1768 "Slaves were valuable property of powerful plantation
owners.
The master’s will prevailed over a doctor’s advice
and colonial physicians did not always have a free hand in devising medical
experiments.
We find numerous exploitive experiments with slaves in
this period.
We must remember that colonial physicians’
investigations were not purely scientific queries but questions fired in the
colonial crucible of conquest, slavery, violence and secrecy.
Slaves
were not alone.
Many poor souls were subjected to medical testing in
this period.
In Europe and its colonies, drug trials tended to select
wards of the state, such as prisoners, hospital patients and orphans." - Alex
Shashkevich
1799 Off the coast of Chile, captain
Amasa Delano of the American sealer and merchant ship Bachelor's Delight
visits the San Dominick, a Spanish slave ship apparently in distress.
Captain Benito Cereno acts awkwardly passive for a captain and the
slaves display remarkably inappropriate behavior.
He finally discovers
that the slaves have taken command of the ship, and forced the surviving crew
to act as usual.
Herman Melville's third-person narration reporting
Delano's point of view without correction has become a famous example of
unreliable narration.
The unreliable narrator is either deliberately
deceptive or unintentionally misguided, forcing the reader to question their
credibility as a storyteller.
"Captain Amasa Delano, of Duxbury, in
Massachusetts, commanding a large sealer and general trader, lay at anchor with
a valuable cargo, in the harbor of St. Maria - a small, desert, uninhabited
island toward the southern extremity of the long coast of Chili.
There
he had touched for water.
On the second day, not long after dawn, while
lying in his berth, his mate came below, informing him that a strange sail was
coming into the bay.
Ships were then not so plenty in those waters as
now.
He rose, dressed, and went on deck. …
… "Yes,
their owner was quite right in assuring me that no fetters would be needed with
his blacks; so that while, as is wont in this transportation, those negroes
have always remained upon deck from the beginning, been freely permitted to
range within given bounds at their pleasure."
Once more the faintness
returned - his mind roved - but, recovering, he resumed: "But it is Babo here
to whom, under God, I owe not only my own preservation, but likewise to him,
chiefly, the merit is due, of pacifying his more ignorant brethren, when at
intervals tempted to murmurings."
"Ah, master," sighed the black,
bowing his face, "don't speak of me; Babo is nothing; what Babo has done was
but duty."
"Faithful fellow!" cried Captain Delano. "Don Benito, I envy
you such a friend; slave I cannot call him." …
… Here, passing
from one suspicious thing to another, his mind revolved the strange questions
put to him concerning the ship. …
… Captain Delano observed
with interest that while the complexion of the mulatto was hybrid, his
physiognomy was European - classically so. …
"Don Benito,"
whispered he, "I am glad to see this usher-of-the-golden-rod; the sight refutes
an ugly remark once made to me by a Barbadoes planter; when a mulatto has a
regular European face, look out for him; he is a devil."
"Your steward
here has features more regular than King George's of England; and yet there he
nods, and bows, and smiles; a king, indeed - the king of kind hearts and polite
fellows. What a pleasant voice he has, too?"
"He has, Señor."
…
… "Follow your leader!" cried the mate; and, one on each
bow, the boats boarded.
Sealing-spears and cutlasses crossed hatchets
and hand-spikes.
For a time, the attack wavered; the negroes wedging
themselves to beat it back; the half-repelled sailors, as yet unable to gain a
footing.
They were almost overborne, when, rallying themselves into a
squad as one man, with a huzza, they sprang inboard.
For a few breaths'
space, there was a vague, muffled, inner sound, as of submerged sword-fish
rushing hither and thither through shoals of black-fish.
Soon, in a
reunited band, and joined by the Spanish seamen, the whites came to the
surface, irresistibly driving the negroes toward the stern.
Exhausted,
the blacks now fought in despair.
In five minutes more, the ship was
won." - Herman Melville, Benito
Cereno
"Under the tolerant rule of the Mohammedans, the
Jews began slavery and began to prosper. They, who had been poor and bedraggled
peddlers for centuries, now became wealthy and powerful traders. They traveled
everywhere, from England to
India, from Bohemia to Egypt.
Their commonest merchandise in those days was slaves. On every highroad and on
every great river and sea, these Jewish traders were to be found with their
gangs of shackled prisoners in convoy." - rabbi Lewis Browne
 "Slavery
is likely to be abolished by the war power and chattel slavery
destroyed.
Slavery is but the owning of labor and carries with it the
care of the laborers, while the European plan, led by England, is that capital
shall control labor by controlling wages.
This can be done by
controlling the money.
The great debt out of the war will be used as a
means to control the volume of
money.
To accomplish this, bonds must be used as a banking
basis.
We are now awaiting for the Secretary of the Treasury to make his
recommendation to Congress.
It will not do to allow the
greenback, as it is called, to circulate as money any length of time, as we
cannot control that." - banker's hazard circular 1862
"It's no secret that the highest prices
now go
for the white women." - Marco Buffo
Global comprehension that owning
people is morally reprehensible has taken hundreds of years to solidify, and
yet we still allow and even promote prostitution in the name of the human
rights of sex workers.
Prostitution, the buying and selling of persons,
an obvious violation of human rights and sex equality, is sexual
slavery.
Women do not suddenly wake up and decide they want to be
prostitutes.
In Israel women are held in apartments, bars and makeshift
brothels; there they service, by their own
count, as many as 15 clients a day. Often they sleep in shifts, four to a
bed. The best that most hope for is to be deported after the police finally
catch up with their captors. In Israel in 1998 there was not even a specific
law against the sale of human
beings.
Irina hoped her beauty would rescue her from the
poverty and hopelessness
of village life. After answering a vague ad in a small Ukrainian newspaper,
Irina slipped off a tour boat at Haifa, hoping to make a bundle dancing naked
on the tops of tables.
(In 1998 the average salary in
Ukraine was about $30 a month with 30
applicants for every job in most Ukrainian cities.)
To the
self-deluded 21 year old Irina
Israel offered a new world, and for a week or two everything seemed possible.
Then, one morning, she was driven to a brothel, where her boss burned her
passport before her eyes.
"I own you." Irina recalled his saying.
"You are my property and you will work until you earn your way out.
Don't try to leave. You have no papers and you don't speak Hebrew. You will be
arrested and deported. Then we will get you and bring you back."
"I
don't think the man who ruined my life will even be fined." Irina said softly,
slow tears filling her
enormous green eyes.
"You can call me a fool for coming here. That's my
crime. I am stupid. A stupid
girl from a little village. But can people really buy and sell women and get
away with it? Sometimes I sit
here and ask myself if that really happened to me, if it can really happen
at all."
In Ukraine alone,
the number of women who leave is staggering. As many as 400,000 women under 30
have left in the 1990's.
Israel is a
fairly typical destination.
Prostitution is not illegal here,
although brothels are, and with 250,000 foreign male workers - most of whom are
single or here without their wives - the demand is great.
Police
officials estimate that there are 25,000
paid sexual transactions every day. Brothels are ubiquitous. None of the
women seem to realize the risks they run until it is too late. Once they cross
the border their passports will be confiscated, their freedom curtailed and
what little money they have taken from them at once.
"You want to tell
these kids that if something seems too good to be true it usually is." -
Lyudmilla Biryuk, a Ukrainian psychologist who has counseled women who have
escaped or been released from bondage
"The mafia is not stupid. There is
less law enforcement since
the Soviet Union fell apart
and more freedom of movement. The earnings are incredible. The overhead is low
- you don't have to buy cars and guns. Drugs you sell once and they are gone.
Women can earn money for a long time." - Michael Platzer
"I answered an ad to be a waitress." said Tamara,
19, a Ukrainian prostitute in a massage
parlor near old Central Bus Station in
Tel Aviv, a Russian-language
ghetto for the cheapest brothels. " I didn't plan to do this. They took my
passport, so I don't have much choice."
"This is a
sophisticated, global operation. It's evil, and it's successful because the
money is so good. These men pay $500 to $1,000 for a Ukrainian or Russian
woman. They will buy these women and make a fortune out of them. Take a small
place with 10 girls. Each has 15 to 20
clients a day. Multiply that by say 200 shekels. So say 30,000 shekels a
day comes in to each place. Each girl works 25 days a month, minimum. So we are
talking about 750,000 shekels a month, or about $215,000. A man often owns five
of these places. That's a million dollars. No taxes, no real overhead.
It's a factory with slave labor. And
we've got them all over Israel." - Yitzhak Tyler
"The Tropicana, in Tel
Aviv's bustling business district, is one of the busiest brothels. Always
filled with half-naked Russian women, the club is open around the clock. There
is a schedule on the wall next to the receptionist - with each woman's hours
listed in a different color, and the days and shifts rotating, as at a
restaurant or a bar. Next to the schedule a sign reads, "We don't accept
checks." There are 12 cubicles at the
Tropicana where 20 women work in shifts, 8 during the daytime, 12 at night.
Business is always booming. Israeli soldiers, with rifles on their shoulders,
frequent the place, as do business executives, foreign workers and tourists.
The women who work there, like nearly all prostitutes in Israel today, are Russian.
Their pimp, Jacob Golan, is not." - Michael Spector
"Israelis
lust for Russian girls. They are blonde and
good-looking and different from us. And they are desperate. They are ready to
do anything for money." - Jacob Golan
"In the past four years, I don't
know of a single case where a woman chose to testify." - Betty Lahan, prison
director of Neve Tirtsa."
"Young girls in large numbers were noticed
suddenly to disappear, without anyone knowing what had become of them. It was
the action tried in 1892, at Lemberg, capital of Austrian Polonia, which
finally enlightened us. Twenty-eight Yiddish are accused of abduction and
traffic in young girls. They had promised them the most brilliant conditions to
persuade them to go abroad. Immediately, once they had crossed the frontier,
they were treated as slaves and every attempt at escape was roughly frustrated.
On arrival in Türkey they were sold to
the houses of prostitution for an
average price of 1,000 Marks each." - Francois Trocase, Jewish
Austria
slavery in ancient Israel/Judah
"Tell us the precise time when slaveholding ceased
to be permitted, and became sinful?" - rabbi Dr. M.J. Raphall"Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around
you; from them you may buy slaves. You may also buy some of the temporary
residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and
they will become your property. You can will them to your children as inherited
property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your
fellow Israelites ruthlessly." Leviticus 25:43-46
Slavery is not
forbidden. Slavery is legal and a modern imperialist might say it is freedom to
own slaves. Non-semite slaves
from other nations may be treated as animals but Hebrews must be properly
treated as human.
"If you buy
a Hebrew servant, he is
to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without
paying anything. If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a
wife when he comes, she is to go with him.If his master gives him a wife and
she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her
master, and only the man shall go free." Exodus 21:2-4
Male Hebrew
slaves in ancient Israel were automatically emancipated after 6 years of
slavery, but only if they were male Hebrews. Male Hebrews wives and children
still belonged to the slavemaster and female Hebrews were only emaciapated if
mistreated. Thieves were sold into slavery.
"If a man sells his daughter as a
servant, she is not to go free as male servants do."- Exodus
21:7
"If she does not please the master who has selected her for
himself, he must let her be redeemed.
He has no right to sell her to
aliens, because he has broken faith with her. If he selects her for his
son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter. If he marries another woman,
he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights. If
he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any
payment of money." Exodus 21:8-11
If a person bought a female slave from her
father and she displeased him, he had no right to sell her to a foreign owner.
If the owner required her to marry his son, then the owner was required to
treat her like a daughter-in-law. If the owner marries his slave and later
marries another woman, he was required to treat his slave as he previously had.
If he violates any of these requirements, then she must be emancipated. She
would leave without any money or means of supporting herself; she would be
free, but abandoned.
"Now Sarai, Abram's wife, had borne him no
children. But she had an Egyptian slave named Hagar; so she said to Abram, "The
Lord has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my slave; it may be that
I shall obtain children by her. And Abram listened to the voice of
Sarai."
Hagar had no choice but to become impregnated by her master as
she was Abraham's property.
"The seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord
your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or
daughter, nor your male or female slave, nor your animals, nor any alien that
is within thy gates." Exodus 20:10
Observant Hebrews gave their slaves one
day off a week.
"Anyone who steals must certainly
make restitution, but if they have nothing, they must be sold to pay for their
theft." - Exodus 22:3
"Anyone who beats their
male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct
result, but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day
or two, since the slave is their property." Exodus 21:20-21
Killing your
slave is not allowed but beating them as long as they can survive after two
days is allowed.
"The wife of a man from the company of the prophets
cried out to Elisha, "Your servant my husband is dead, and you know that he
revered the Lord. But now his creditor is coming to take my two boys as his
slaves." 2 Kings 4:1
If you couldn't pay off your debt your children
could be sold into slavery by your creditor.
(Note: Kings is not part
of the Oral Torah and was
added later by the Hebrews of
Alexandria that penned the Septuagint.)
(1) The attitudes
towards prostitutes is similar to the attitude towards prostitutes now. It was
seen as a disgusting and immoral profession and there was no
sympathy for the woman.
In line
with the fact that the Torah was written by men, the
prostitutes create evil.
As a punishment Jeremiah 13:26-27 says; "Therefore will I
discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear. I have seen thine
adulteries, and thy neighings, the lewdness of thy whoredom, and thine
abominations on the hills in the fields" These women will be forcibly put in
front of the public naked in order to
embarrass and humiliate
them. Levititus 21:9 is a bit more extreme; 'And the daughter of any
priest, if she profanes herself by whoring,
profanes her father; she shall be burned with fire.'
(2) Yet despite this, one of the heroes of
the Torah, Samson visited a prostitute.
Judges 16:1, 'One day Samson went to Gaza, where he saw a prostitute. He went
in to spend the night with her.'
(3) Judah (Jacobs son) also slept with
a prostitute. Later he found out she was his daughter-in-law and furthermore
she became pregnant. So he ordered her to be
burnt alive. (Genesis 38:16, 40)
from
http://www.left-wing.net/torah/slaves.htm - July 29, 2008 |
|
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