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"The notion that the lower classes are
biologically inferior to the upper classes … is meant to legitimate the
structures of inequality in our society by putting a biological gloss on them"
- Harvard geneticist Richard Lewontin, 'The Doctrine of DNA: Biology as
Ideology', 1992
"Plato
interprets medicine as a form of politics.
He regards
Aesculapius, god of
medicine, as a politician.
Medical art must not consider the
prolongation of life as its aim, but only
the interest of the
State. " - Karl Popper
"The development of a long-term sterilizing capsule
that could be implanted under the skin and removed when pregnancy is desired
opens additional possibilities for
coercive fertility
control.
The capsule could be
implanted at puberty and might be
removable, with official permission, for a limited number of births.
A program of sterilizing
women after their second child, despite the relatively greater difficulty
of the operation than vasectomy, might be easier to implement than
trying to sterilize men." - John Holdren, Science CzarA large portion of population denies the possibility government
may be ethically corrupt and that events such as
9/11 may have been strategically planned out
beforehand.
It is difficult to comprehend that people in power
might plan such a devastating attack, for the aftermath resulted in
permanent war.
In theory, an
elected leader is an individual a group gives power to in trust to make
the best decisions for the
population's survival, so trying to grasp the idea that
government is doing the opposite of
this role is perplexing.
Time and time again we are seeing
governments make decisions which promote
more separation, more fear, and
more destruction to the planet.
There is disconcerting evidence that
insiders in government have a
sinister agenda for the population, incomprehensible for most to
fathom.
This plan is designed to
decrease population over the coming years.
Considering the amount of the
genetically modified foods on
grocery store shelves, the
chemicals that are put into cosmetics and clothes as well as the
harmful toxins in vaccines,
one must consider the idea that some group or alliance of groups is trying to cause harm to the
public.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) has
been manipulating cancer statistics, stating that there has been
a decrease in the number of cancer cases
over the past decades when in
fact cancer cases have significantly increased.
Besides the
harmful
chemicals the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves for use as medicine it
also approves harmful chemicals in food such as
brominated vegetable oil (BVO) in Gatorade, a chemical which
has been banned in over 7 countries.
The
Center for Disease Control (CDC) approves harmful toxic compounds
containing mercury, squalene and
aluminum in
scheduled vaccines.
These
organizations were purportedly designed for the purpose of protecting people
but it seems they are doing
the opposite by poisoning people.
Purposeful intention behind
the pollution of the environment?
Some argue that the
transnational global elite have an
agenda of decreasing the world's population drastically and that
they have
infiltrated all governments to ensure it unravels as they have carefully
planned.
The notion of a scientific elite classifying people based on
aptitude, assigning an efficient role for everyone,
appeals to the conceit of
intellectuals.
The idea of quantity, ranking, and assessing
cognitive performance caught on in the US, where eugenics was
a prevailing intellectual fashion.
1908 Henry H. Goddard translates Alfred Binet's
work, popularizing it among the
intellectual classes.
What might have been a humanitarian push to
provide remedial help to students into a weapon of war against the
weak.
Pseudoscientific Origins of Eugenics
The eugenics movement arose in the 20th century as two wings of a
common philosophy of human worth.
Francis Galton, who coined the term
eugenics in 1883, perceived it as a moral
philosophy to improve humanity by encouraging the ablest and healthiest
people to have more children.
The Galtonian ideal of eugenics is
usually termed positive eugenics.
Negative eugenics, on the other hand,
advocated culling the least able from the breeding population to preserve
humanity's fitness.
The eugenics movements in the US, Germany, and
Scandinavia favored the negative approach.
The
notion of segregating people considered unfit to reproduce dates back to
antiquity.
For example, the
Septuagint describes the
Amalekites – a supposedly depraved group that God condemned to death.
Concerns about environmental influences that might damage heredity
– leading to ill health, early death, insanity, and defective offspring
– were formalized in the early 1700s as degeneracy theory.
Degeneracy theory maintained a strong scientific following until late
in the 19th century.
Masturbation, then called onanism,
was presented in medical schools as the first biological theory of the cause of
degeneracy.
Fear of degeneracy through
masturbation led Harry Clay Sharp,
a prison physician in Jeffersonville, Indiana, to carry out vasectomies on
prisoners beginning in 1899.
The advocacy of Sharp and his medical
colleagues, culminated in an Indiana law mandating compulsory sterilization of
"degenerates."
Enacted in
1907, this was the first
eugenic sterilization law in the US.
By the mid-19th century most
scientists believed bad environments caused degenerate heredity.
Benedict Morel's work extended the causes of degeneracy to some
legitimate agents – including poisoning by
mercury,
ergot, and other toxic substances in the
environment.
The sociologist Richard Dugdale believed that good
environments could transform degenerates into
worthy citizens within three generations.
This position was a
backdrop to his very influential study on The Jukes (1877), a degenerate family
of paupers and petty criminals in Ulster County, New York.
The
inheritance of acquired (environmental) characters was challenged in the 1880s
by August Weismann, whose theory of the germ plasm convinced most scientists
that changes in body tissue (the soma) had little or no effect on reproductive
tissue (the germ plasm).
At the beginning of the 20th century,
Weismann's views were absorbed by degeneracy theorists who embraced negative
eugenics as their favored model.
Adherents of the new field of genetics were ambivalent about eugenics.
Most basic scientists – including William Bateson in Great
Britain, and Thomas Hunt Morgan in the US –
shunned eugenics as vulgar and
an unproductive field for research.
However, Bateson's and Morgan's
contributions to basic genetics were quickly absorbed by eugenicists, who took
interest in Mendelian analysis of pedigrees of humans, plants, and animals.
Many eugenicists had some
type of agricultural background.
Charles Davenport and Harry
Laughlin, who together ran the Eugenics Record Office, were introduced through
their shared interest in chicken breeding.
Both also were active in
Eugenics Section of the American Breeder's Association (ABA).
Davenport's book, Eugenics: The Science of Human Improvement through
Better Breeding, had a distinct agricultural flavor, and his
affiliation with the ABA was
included under his name on the title page.
Agricultural
genetics also provided the favored model for negative eugenics: human
populations, like agricultural breeds and varieties, had to be culled of their
least productive members, with only the healthiest specimens used for breeding.
Evolutionary models of natural
selection and dysgenic (bad) hereditary practices in society also
contributed to eugenic theory.
For example,
there was fear that highly intelligent people
would have smaller families (about 2 children), while the allegedly degenerate
elements of society were having larger families of four to eight
children.
Public welfare might also play a role in allowing less
fit people to survive and reproduce, further upsetting the natural selection of
fitter people.
Medicine also put its stamp on eugenics.
Physicians like Anton Ochsner and Harry Sharp were convinced that
social failure was a medical problem.
Italian criminologist and
physician Cesare Lombroso popularized the image of an innate criminal type that
was thought to be a reversion or atavism of a bestial ancestor of humanity.
When medical means failed to help the
psychotic, the
retarded, the pauper, and the vagrant, eugenicists shifted to preventive
medicine.
The German physician-legislator Rudolph Virchow, advocated
programs to deal with disease
prevention on a large scale.
Virchow's public health movement was
fused with eugenics to form the racial hygiene movement in Germany – and
came to America through physicians he trained.
Eugenicists argued that
"defectives" should be prevented from breeding, through custody in asylums or
compulsory sterilization.
Many doctors felt that sterilization was a
more humane way of dealing with people who could not help themselves.
Vasectomy and tubal ligation were favored methods, because they did not
alter the physiological and psychological contribution of the reproductive
organs.
Sterilization allowed the convicted criminal or
mental patient to
participate in society, rather than being institutionalized at public
expense.
Sterilization was not viewed as a punishment because these
doctors believed (erroneously) that the social failure of "unfit" people was
due to an irreversibly degenerate germ plasm.
overpopulation
History of the Eugenics Movement
Eugenics, improving the
human race by the scientific control of breeding, was viewed by a large number
of scientists for almost one hundred years as
the means of producing
paradise on Earth.
These scientists concluded that many human
traits were genetic, and that persons who came from genetically 'good families'
tended to turn out far better than those who came from 'poor families.'
The next step was to encourage the good families to have more children,
and the poor families to have few or no children.
From these simple observations developed one of the most
far-reaching movements, Social
Darwinism, which culminated in the loss of millions of lives.
It
discouraged aiding the sick, building asylums for the insane,
or even aiding the poor and all those who were believed to be in some way
'genetically inferior', which included persons afflicted with an extremely wide
variety of unrelated physical and even psychological maladies.
The goal
was to save the human race from the 'evolutionary inferior'.
The means
was sexual sterilization, permanent custody of 'defective' adults by the state,
marriage restrictions, and even the elimination of the unfit through means
which ranged from refusal to help them to outright killing.
The
eugenics movement grew from Thomas Huxley's
confusion about the
Theory of Evolution by Charles
Darwin.
Aldous attempted to correct his grandfather's mistakes but
it is yet to be seen whether or not Western culture in general would accept his
apologitics.
Eugenics spanned the political spectrum from conservatives
to radical socialists; what they had in common was a belief in evolution and a
faith that science, particularly genetics, held the key for improving the lives
of humans.
1857 Dred Scott decision "Negroes
are so inferior that they have no rights which a white man is bound to
respect."
1859 Darwin's Origin of Species.
General Theory of Evolution defended by Thomas Henry Huxley,
"Darwin's bulldog" who misunderstands
survival of the fittest.
1870
Franco-Prussian War. The
participants see it as a race war. (George Mosse, Towards the Final
Solution, p. 90)
After the defeat of the Prussians (Germans) by
Napoleon at the battle of
Jena, Prussia had established a three-tiered educational system considered
“scientific” in nature.
The
volkschulen have
been successfully conditioned into
obdience,
freedom from stressful
thinking and to follow
orders with a generous dose
of racism.
1871 The German physiologist
Rudolf Virchow conducts a study of 6.7 million children in Germany, comparing
Jewish and Christian children across a range of physical characteristics.
No differences are found.
However, the findings from the study
produced no cultural impact. (George Mosse, Towards the Final Solution,
p. 90-92).
Virchow is essentially the last major voice in Germany
arguing against the idea that there
are "races" within mankind.
1871 Descent
of Man published by Charles Darwin.
It's main thesis: man developed
from a lower life form.
Premillennial dispensationalism rejects
evolution theory on these grounds.
1883 Francis
Galton, Darwin's cousin, coins the word "eugenics".
His early aim is to
selectively marry off the population so that poor heredity will be eliminated.
Galton begins popularizing his ideas.
1891 Hans
Dreisch splits a fertilized sea urchin egg which is at the two-cell division
stage by hand.
Each cell subsequently developed into two small but
identical sea urchin larva.
His research was carried on by Hans Spemann
in Germany and Ross Harrison in the US.
1898
Charles Benedict Davenport, a Harvard Ph.D, becomes an assistant professor at
the University of Chicago.
1903 Eugenics Movement founded in America.
Experts: David Star Jordan
is chairman (a prominent biologist
and chancellor of Stanford University), Luther Burbank (the famous plant
breeder), Vernon L. Kellog (a world renowned
biologist at Stanford), William B.
Castle (a Harvard geneticist), Roswell H. Johnson (a geologist and a professor
of genetics), and Charles R. Henderson of the University of Chicago.
1904 Francis Galton
endows a chair of eugenics at the University of London. (Bernard Schreiber,
The Men Behind Hitler, A German Warning to the World, 1971, p. 15).
The Journal for Racial and Social Biology, founded in Germany in
this year, will follow Francis Galton's work in England (Eugenics Education
Society) very closely. (Mosse, p. 75).
Charles Benedict Davenport
becomes director for the
Carnegie
Institute station for experimental evolution at Cold Spring Harbor.
Edward Thorndike of Columbia University, one of the most influential
educational psychologists in history, is also involved as well as
Henry Havelock Ellis, Dr Frederick
Walker Mott, and Dr A. F. Tredgold.
Frederick Walker Mott in a lecture
to the Eugenics Education Society claims that
PTSD is rare in
volunteers as opposed to regular conscripted men,
and that it was not a new
disorder but merly a variety occurring in those already
predisposed.
Davenport argues that hereditability is a major influence
in everything from criminality to epilepsy, even alcoholism and pauperism
(being poor).
He assumed that traits which we now know are polygenic in
origin were single Mendelian characters.
This error caused him to
greatly oversimplify interpolating from the genotype to the phenotype.
He ignores the forces of the environment to such a degree that he
labels those who 'loved the sea' as suffering from thalassaphilia, and
concludes that it was a sex-linked recessive trait because it was virtually
always exhibited in males!
Davenport also concluded that
prostitution is caused not by social, cultural or
economic circumstances, but a dominant genetic trait which causes a woman to be
a nymphomaniac.
1907 State of Indiana
passes the world's first mandatory sterilization law. (John David Smith,
"Minds Made Feeble", p. 136-137)
Svante Arrhenius publishes
Immunochemistry.
Chemicals are studied in connection with
biological problems such as the relationship between toxins and antitoxins,
serum therapy, its role for digestion and absorption as well as for the gastric
and pancreatic juices.
1909 Swedish Society
for Racial Hygiene founded.
Svante August Arrhenius becomes a
member.
1911 Eugenics journals are common
throughout Europe. (Mosse, p 75)
1912 American
sociologist Henry Herbert Goddard, director of the Training School for
Feeble-Minded Boys and Girls in Vineland NJ, publishes his account of the
Kallikaks.
Deborah Kallikak was considered feeble-minded.
Her
family tree was traced back six generations and feeble-mindedness was
purportedly found in every generation.
Elizabeth Kite, an assistant of
Goddard who has no formal training, does most of the research.
The work
falsely demonstrates that feeble-mindedness and a propensity towards crime are
inherited.
Years later, the data is found to have been fabricated by
Kite and Goddard.
1914 Henry Herbert Goddard
publishes Feeblemindedness: Its Causes and Consequences the study of the
300 families of the Kallikak line.
Stories on the Jukes and Nams of New
York, the Tribe of Ishmael in Indiana, the Hill Folk of Ohio and the Dacks of
Pennsylvania are also published about this time
Dr A. F. Tredgold writes
Mental Deficiency (Amentia).
He devoted an entire chapter to the
idiot savant describing 20
patients "with special aptitudes" due to
brain damage
experienced either "prenatal or post natal'.
Nobel laureate
George Bernard Shaw, author
HG Wells, and planned parenthood founder
Margaret Sanger are also very involved.
As the eugenics movement grew,
it added other prominent individuals.
Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor of the telephone was 'one of the most respected, if not
one of the most zealous
participants in the American Eugenics Movement.'
He published
numerous papers in scholarly journals specifically on genetics and the deafness
problem.
Of the many geneticists who are today
recognized as scientific pioneers that were once eugenicists include J. B. S.
Haldane, Thomas Hunt Morgan, William Bateson, Herman J. Muller, and
evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley.
Professors were prominent among both the officers and members of
various eugenics societies which sprang up in the US and Europe.
In
virtually every college and university were professors 'inspired by the new
creed,' and most of the major colleges had credit courses on
eugenics.
These classes were typically well attended and their content
was generally accepted as proven science.
Many eugenicists also
lectured widely and developed new courses, both at their institutes and
elsewhere, to educate the public in the principles of eugenics.
The
eugenics movement attacked the idea of
democracy itself.
Many concluded that letting inferior persons
participate in government was naive, if not dangerous.
Providing
educational opportunities and governmental benefits for everyone likewise
seemed a misplacement of resources: one saves only the best cows for breeding,
slaughtering the inferior ones, and these
laws of nature must be
applied to the human animal.
If the primary determinant of mankind's
behavioural nature is genetic as the movement concluded, then
environmental reforms
are largely useless.
Further,
those who are at the bottom
of the social ladder in society, such as Blacks, are in this position
not because of social injustice
or discrimination, but as a result of their own inferiority.
Francis Galton, a cousin of
Charles Darwin, began his lifelong quest to quantify humans, and search for
ways of genetically improving the human race around 1860.
The idea that humans could achieve biological
progress and eventually breed a superior race was not seen as heretical to the
Victorian mind.
All around Galton were the fruits of the recent
advances in technology and the industrial revolution that had dramatically
proved human mastery over inanimate nature.
They knew that, by careful
selection, farmers could obtain better breeds of both plants and animals, and
it was logical that the human races could similarly be improved.
Galton
and his coworker, Karl Pearson, are regarded as founders of the modern field of
statistics, and both made major contributions.
Thorough, detailed
research was extremely convincing, especially to academics.
Francis
Galton believed the route to produce a race of gifted humans was by controlling
marriages of superior stock.
Thus the marriage license.
Eugenics
was fully accepted by the educated classes.
Books on eugenics became
best-sellers – Albert E. Wiggam wrote at least four popular books on
eugenics, several were best-sellers and the prestigious Darwinian family name
stayed with the eugenics movement for years – the president of the British
Eugenics Society from 1911 to 1928 was Major Leonard Darwin, Charles'
son.
1916 Margaret Sanger opens her first birth
control clinic.
1917 Goddard and the new IQ
tests determined that the average immigrant had a "moron-grade" intelligence
level. (Smith, p. 6)
Intelligence Quotient is seen as immutable, fixed
in the genes. (Donald K. Pickens, "Eugenics and the Progressives", p.
151)
Margaret Sanger founds the Birth Control League, and it's
magazine The Birth Control Review.
She edits this magazine until
1938.
It promotes Sanger's idea "More children from the fit, less from
the unfit".
1903 to 1918 Karl Pearson and his
staff publish over 300 works, plus various government reports and popular
expositions of genetics.
When Francis Galton dies University College
establishes a Galton eugenics professorship, and a new department called
Applied Statistics.
The fund enables Karl Pearson to be freed
from his 'burdensome' teaching to devote full time to eugenics research.
Karl Pearson contributions in statistics are crucial to virtually all
modern scientific research.
He developes the Pearson product moment
correlational coefficient, regression analysis, multiple
correlation, and chi square, and made numerous important contributions in the
area of statistical analysis including the goodness of fit theory.
1918 Eugenic Society of São Paulo is founded
with Rockefeller Foundation assitance.
This represents the
institutionalization of eugenics in Brazil by elites.
1920 The Release of Unworthy Life, That It Might Be
Destroyed by the German lawyer Karl Binding and the physician Alfred Hoch.
The book is definitely utilitarian.
It asserted that "useless"
eaters had to die so others could use scarce resources to live.
Euthanasia is based on a common respect for "everyone's will to live".
Note the correspondence to resource preservation and overpopulation
arguments. (Mosse, p. 216)
1920s US congress introduces and passed many laws to restrict
the influx of 'inferior races,' including those from Southern and Eastern
Europe, and also China.
Inter-racial marriage is forbidden by law in many areas and
discouraged by social
pressure in virtually all.
The eugenicists conclude that the American
belief that education could benefit everyone is unscientific, and that the
conviction that social reform and
social justice could substantially reduce human misery was more than
wrong-headed, it was openly dangerous.
1921 The Birth Control League
changes its name to the American Birth Control League.
Lothrop
Stoddard is on the board of directors.
"Birth control propaganda is
thus the entering wedge for the eugenic educator." - Margaret Sanger ("The
Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda", Birth Control Review,
October 1921, p. 5)
1922 Margaret Sanger publishes
Pivot of Civilization.
It advocates birth control and
IQ testing as mandatory for the lower classes.
Philanthropy is seen as
a positive danger to society, since it allows the
lower classes to
propagate.
Sanger later asserts that up to 70% of the population
have an intellect of less
than a 15-year old (David Kennedy, Birth Control in America, the Career of
Margaret Sanger, p. 116)
She will also promote the idea of
parenthood licenses -
no one being permitted to have a child unless they first obtain
a government-approved parenthood permit.
Margaret Sanger, a strong
advocate and practitioner of polygamy, considers marriage an abomination and an
assault on human liberty.
She supports
compulsory education
and restriction on child
labor, not because it is good for the children, but because it would prove
to be a burden to the poor
and force them to restrict family size.
Lothrop Stoddard publishes
The Revolt Against Civilization.
It asserts that uncontrolled
reproduction among defective families would bring the "twilight of the American
mind" and the "dusk of mankind". (Smith, p.3)
Svante Arrhenius,
holding honorary degrees from the Universities of Birmingham, Cambridge,
Edinburgh, Greifswald, Groningen, Heidelberg, Leipzig and Oxford, actively
engages in the process leading to the creation in of The State Institute for
Racial Biology in Uppsala, Sweden, originally proposed as a Nobel
Institute, taking a position on the board.
1924
The Immigration Restriction Act comes into effect.
This act
won't be removed until 1965.
It is passed largely due to the supporting
testimony of the Eugenics Records Office, Cold Spring Harbor, Long
Island. (Smith, p. 3)
Virginia passes the Racial Integrity Act,
which forbids miscegany (sexual relations between whites and blacks).
This law will become the
model for the German
Nuremburg laws.
It is itself modelled on a sterilization act developed
by Harry Laughlin.
The law was written by W.A. Plecker; a eugenicist
and the registrar for vital statistics for Virginia, he also worked closely
with the Eugenics Record Office, and belonged to several eugenic
organizations. (Smith, p. 154-156).
The
Rockefeller Foundation
begins funding Margaret Sanger.
1925 Karl Pearson
begins publishing The Annals of Eugenics and continues until he dies.
Part of the reason that the eugenics movement caught on so rapidly was
because of the failures of the many innovative reformatory and other programs
designed to help the poor, the criminal, and people with mental and physical
problems.
Many of those who worked in these institutions conclude that
most people in these classes were 'heredity losers' in the struggle for
existence.
The unfit should not be allowed to survive and breed
indiscriminately.
Social
Darwinism gave them an answer to the difficulties that they faced.
Instead of helping people charity was destroying positive habits of
industry and enabling them to breed more of their own genetically inferior
type.
Many of those who began their careers helping the poor conclude
that many, if not most, of their programs are doing more harm than
good.
Many eugenicists believe negative traits picked up in life can be
passed on.
As many of the supposed biologically inferior groups reached
their second and third generation in America, such as
Ashkenazi, many did
extremely well, empirically documenting that such groups were not biologically
defective.
Another problem was that not only were Blacks and Jews
singled out – but the Irish, Welsh and numerous other groups were also
judged as racially inferior.
It soon became apparent that many of the
hodgepodge claims were false.
Research by anthropologists
shows how incredibly important culture and learning are, even in shaping minor
behaviour nuances.
Other researchers proved that diet and sanitary
conditions were extremely important, especially in the so-called
feeblemindedness condition.
The irony of the
assumption that feeblemindedness was inherited became apparent when it was
found that many clearly mentally deficient persons produced offspring which
were fully normal.
This was especially true of those whose children
were raised by relatives and had decent food and
environments.
1927 US
Supreme Court upholds the validity of mandatory sterilization in Buck v. Bell.
During the Nuremburg trials, a German doctor will cite Buck vs. Bell as the
precedent for Nazi race hygiene and sterilization programs. (Smith p. 156)
1930 The Lambeth
Conference in England approves, for the first time, the use of
contraceptives, albeit only within marriage and only for grave reasons.
Derrick Sherwin Bailey is a
participant in this conference.
Derrick Sherwin Bailey was ordained as
an Anglican priest in 1943 and from 1951 to 1955 Central Lecturer to the
Church of England Moral Welfare Council.
1932 Aldous Huxley
publishes Brave New World.
Brave New World explicitly
models a collectivist
society in which the bodies of everyone are the common property of
all.
Minds have been purged of all
the inhibitions which tradition has established.
This is inverted
totalitarianism - government control of individual minds - in exchange for
social stability.
Totalitarian
governments must make their subjects obedient servants, and this is best
undertaken by allowing unlimited hedonism
Allowing
moral degradation, and
the silence which it
entails, is the best weapon of propaganda in controlling population as
anyone that disagrees is
shunned.
According to Huxley, in order for totalitarianism to take
hold, four principles must be present:
1)
Greatly improved
techniques of suggestion.
Huxley proposed drugs such as
scopolamine, and infant
conditioning.
He
wrote before the effects of television were well-understood.
2) A
fully developed science of human differences.
People must be placed
correctly in the social hierarchy to avoid the dangerous thoughts which people
uncomfortable with their social situation feel.
3) Mental vacations.
Mental vacations can come in a multiple of forms.
In Western
culture social heirarchy people strive to be able to afford to take real
vacations to destinations in Paradise.
4) Eugenics, in order to
standardize the human product.
(Huxley, Perennial Classic, 1946, vii-xiii)
1933 Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of
Germany by Hindenburg.
The April issue of "The Birth Control
Review" is devoted entirely to eugenic sterilization, with a feature
article by Dr. Ernst Rudin, the director of Germany's Eugenics institute.
(Schreiber, p. 35).
July 14: Hereditary Health Law inacted, based on
the Laughlin model.
Germany also sets up the first eugenics courts.
Within a year 56,000 people have been sterilized.
This move is roundly
applauded by American
eugenicists. (Smith p 156).
November: The Kallikak study is
republished in Germany.
Harry Laughlin puts the number of eugenic
sterilizations performed in the US at 15,000 through December 1931.
Hans Spemann, developer of chimeric animals, delivers the Silliman
invitational lecture at Yale about intra-species transplantation experiments
1934 The German constitution of 1871 prohibited
abortion, the article which outlawed it is changed when the Hamburg courts
declare a "racial emergency".
Abortion is permitted in Germany for the
first time since the German state came into being.
Neglect of mentally
and physically handicapped patients is encouraged. (Robert Jay Lifton, The Nazi
Doctors, p. 62)
1935 The
Nuremburg laws are passed.
An estimated 500,000 abortions have been
performed in Germany.
1936 The Nazis award Harry
Laughlin an honorary degree from Hiedelburg University as part of the
university's 550th anniversary celebration, in
appreciation for his eugenics
efforts.
Laughlin, in his acceptance, states that the Germans provide
the "human seed-stock which ... founded my own country and thus gave basic
character to our present lives and institutions". (Smith, p. 158).
The
American Eugenics Society has a roundtable discussion at which Nazi
eugenicist Maria Kopp reads her paper on eugenic sterilization.
Germans
based their laws on the sterilization program in California carried out by the
Human Betterment Foundation, now known as the Association for
Voluntary Sterilization.
(Marie Kopp Legal and Medical Aspects of
Eugenic Sterilazation in Germany; a talk delivered at the annual meeting of the
American Eugenics Society, May 7, 1936).
1937
North Carolina becomes the first state to contribute money to Margaret Sanger's
birth control movement. (Diversity Magazine, March/April 1992, p 12, also see
Linda Gordon, Woman's Body, Woman's Right).
The NC public health office
convinces recalcitrant county health officers to set up birth control clinics
by telling them to check their vital statistics, confident that they would
discover a high proportion of black births.
Two Rockefeller grantees, Gregory Pincus and Jacques
Loeb, purportedly use parthenogenesis
(instigated by x-rays,
electrical shocks,
and chemicals to induce the female into pregnancy) to create several
pathenogenic monsters, one of which, a rabbit, is featured on the cover of
Look magazine.
Rockefeller grants are instrumental in advancing
social control eugenics.
They eventually fund PP, SIECUS,
The American Right to Die Society, Alfred Kinsey's sexuality project
(see Reader's Digest, April 1997, "Sex, Lies, and the Kinsey Report", p.
59), and The
Hastings Center, among others.
1938 Thirty
states in the US have mandatory sterilization laws. (Smith, p. 139).
The Knauer infant, a child born blind and having deformed limbs, is
starved to death in Germany causing a storm of controversy in Europe. (Lifton,
p. 62)
1939 The German T-4 program has begun.
Mentally and physically handicapped children are systematically
poisoned or starved to death.
This is soon expanded to include
handicapped adults as well.
Margaret Sanger writes Clarence Gambel,
telling him to hire "three or four colored ministers with engaging
personalities ... we do not want word to get out that we want to exterminate
the Negro population, and the minister is the man who can straighten out that
idea if it occurs to any of their more rebellious members". (Linda Gordon,
Women's Body, Women's Right, A Social History of Birth Control in America p.
333).
The American Birth Control League launches The Negro
Project.
1941 Hackett's Handbook for
Schooling Hitler Youth explains the Nazi eugenics program.
Ich Klage An
(I Accuse), a film favorably detailing how a doctor euthanizes his handicapped
wife, is released. (Smith p. 165 and Mosse, Towards the Final Solution, p. 216)
The Nazi regime recommends that abortion on the mother's request should
be approved in order to reduce the surplus population.
1942 The American Birth Control League changes its name
to Planned Parenthood.
1944 Planned
Parenthood hires a permanent Negro Consultant.
1947 Planned Parenthood policy required the hiring of staff at
each clinic which reflected the racial population it served, in order to make
birth control more palatable. (Diversity Magazine, March/April p. 14)
1952
John D. Rockefeller III
founds the
Population_Council.
1961 The
April issue of Scientific American carries the article "How Cells
Associate", which describes the cloning and hybridization of amphibian
embryos performed by Dr. Clifford Grobstein, professor emeritus at UC San
Diego, member of the American Fertility Society, and a member of the Hastings
Center review committee.
1968 Dr. Geoffery
Chamberlein, a researcher at George Washington U, obtains several liveborn
babies on the abortion schedule and attaches them to an artificial placenta
under development.
Several hours later, after the necessary data was
obtained, the equipment is shut off and the children die.
When asked
how many children thay want 41% of poll respondants want four or more children.
1971, Three years later the percentage had
dropped to 19%. (Celeste Michelle Condit, "Decoding Abortion Rhetoric" p 71,
and Gallup 1935-1971, 2168-2169)
The Zero Population Growth
movement is instrumental in adopting the "unwanted child" rhetoric which
eventually is adopted by the pro-abortion movememnt. (Condit, p. 187).
1973 Roe v. Wade, 410
U.S. 113
The Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the Due
Process Clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an
abortion.
This right to have an abortion must be balanced against the
interests of the state in protecting female health and the potentiality of
human life.
The Court resolved this balancing test by tying state
regulation of abortion to the third trimester of pregnancy.
In response
to a prize competition from the Population Institution, which wanted
television shows dealing with population matters, an episode of the television
series "Maude" shows her having an abortion (Condit, p. 124).
1980's Dr. Ann McLaren, British
biologist, a frequent researcher at
Cold Springs Harbor and a member of the American Fertility Society is appointed
to England's Warnock Committee, which is tasked to discuss whether or not human
embryo experimentation should be permitted for the first 14 days.
She
introduces and popularizes the term "pre-embryo".
1984 Faye Wattleton, the first African
American and youngest president ever elected to Planned Parenthood
Federation of America tells the Washington Times that Margaret
Sanger was "devoted to eugenics and the advancement of the perfect race."
1986 Faye Wattleton tells The Humanist
Magazine "I am proud to be walking in the footsteps of Margaret Sanger."
Planned Parenthood's definition of abstinence:
"Abstinence
means sex without having intercourse. It is the most effective form of birth
control, has been used for centuries and is still very common. It has no
pysical side effects as long as prolonged sexual arousal is followed by orgasm
to relieve pelvic congestion." (Boston Women's Health Book Collective, The New
Our Bodies, Ourselves, p. 237)
1992 70% of
Planned Parenthood clinics are located in predominantly black or hispanic
neighborhoods. (Diversity, March April, 1992, p. 16).
Germany's decision to exterminate the handicapped, and then the
Jews, was merely the next logical step on the path to
Utopia.
The Nazis
specifically denied that Social
Darwinism applied to them.
They claimed evolution did not apply to
races with strong racial roots, so their eugenics policies were only meant to
prevent the contamination of perfection. |
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